激光裂纹修复实验装置的设计与研发

发布时间：2018-03-19 23:15

本文选题：激光　切入点：微观裂纹修复　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金属结构件在制造和服役过程中不可避免产生各种微观裂纹,随着服役时间的增加,微观裂纹不断扩展,造成机械零件的失效,甚至导致突发性灾难性事故。本论文以设计一种修复金属结构件表面微观表面裂纹的实验装置为研究目的,以解决当前金属结构件表面微观裂纹修复的问题。首先,从总体上对激光裂纹修复实验装置进行了设计分析。根据激光加热的特点,确定将离焦量和加热中心点温度作为测控参数。同时,考虑该实验装置的其他功能特点,确定了实验装置的具体组成部分。其次,确定了采用单一平凸透镜对激光进行聚焦,并比较同轴光路与侧向光路两种设计光路的优缺点,最后从避免视觉差的角度考虑选择了同轴光路。同时,根据实验要求搭建了同轴光路实验平台。分析比较国内常用送粉器的结构后,确定本实验选用自重式送粉器的结构,并计算粉末输送的气力输送条件,以选择适宜的流量控制器,同时给出了整个送粉系统结构示意图。然后,根据激光裂纹修复实验装置的具体组成部分对所需的相关硬件进行选型与安装,包括激光器及其控制板卡；裂纹检测所需的相机、镜头和光源；红外测温传感器；超声波测距传感器；数据采集卡。最后,设计了激光裂纹修复实验装置的上位机软件控制系统。在简单介绍了该实验装置的上位机控制系统软件LabVIEW后,概述了该系统的软件设计模式,并根据实验装置的工作流程绘制了程序流程图,编写了控制系统的主程序。同时,分别对视觉采集子程序、数据采集子程序、数据存储与报表子程序和程序前面板进行了详细说明,并对主程序进行了测试试验,验证了系统的有效性。总之,通过系统调试,该激光裂纹修复实验装置能够采集图像数据,完成了对微观裂纹的检测,并有效地采集距离、温度和流量数据,完成CT试样微观裂纹的自动修复过程,且自动生成了相关测量数据的Excel报表。
[Abstract]:Metal structure in the manufacturing and service process will inevitably produce a variety of micro cracks, with the increase of service time, the micro crack expansion caused by the failure of mechanical parts, and even lead to sudden catastrophic accidents. In this paper, the design of experimental device for repairing metal structure surface micro cracks on the surface for the purpose of the study, in order to solve the metal structure repair surface micro crack problems. First, analyze the design of experimental device of laser repair of crack on the whole. According to the characteristics of laser heating, will determine the centrifugal temperature coke amount and heating as control parameters. At the same time, considering the other features of the experimental device, to determine the specific part the experimental device. Secondly, the focus on the laser using a single plane convex lens, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of coaxial optical path and lateral optical path two optical design, the most From the point of view to avoid visual difference selection of coaxial optical system. At the same time, according to the experimental requirements to build a coaxial optical experimental platform. Analysis of the structure of domestic common powder feed unit, determine the structure of the experiment the weight of powder feeder, and powder conveying pneumatic conveying condition calculation, to choose the appropriate flow controller at the same time, given the powder feeding system structure diagram. Then, according to the specific part of the crack repair experiment of laser device selection and installation of related hardware required, including laser and control board; crack detection for camera lens and a light source; infrared sensor; ultrasonic sensor; data acquisition card. Finally, design the PC software experimental device of laser repair crack control system. After a brief introduction of the host computer of the experimental device control system software LabVIEW, The software design model of the system, and presents the flow chart according to the experimental device of work flow, write the main program of the control system. At the same time, respectively on the visual acquisition subprogram, data acquisition subprogram, data storage and report subroutine and the front panel is described in detail, and the testing of the main program and verify the validity of the system. In a word, through the system debugging, the laser crack repair experiment device can collect image data, complete the detection of micro cracks, and effectively collecting distance, temperature and flow data, automatic repair process to complete the CT micro crack, and automatically generate relevant measuring data of Excel report.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG665;TN249

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