仿生超疏水表面的制备及其在抗腐蚀和油水分离方面的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 07:39

本文选题：仿生超疏水表面　切入点：金属防腐蚀　出处：《湖北大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为一个从提出到发展不过几十年的新兴研究领域-固体的表面润湿性,已表现出重要的研究价值,并在诸多领域中对科学技术的发展都起到了推进作用。而在过去的十年中,极端的润湿性如超疏水性、超亲水性、超双疏性等被更加深化地理解,其中超疏水表面因其具有的抗结冰、减阻、抗菌、透明性、水收集、油水分离,抗腐蚀等特殊性质更是在表面润湿性的大家庭中占据了极为重要的角色。石油泄露及工业废油的无节制排放严重地破坏了自然环境,目前已成为全球工业化大潮下最亟待解决的环境问题之一,传统材料其极低的分离效率,较差的选择性和循环利用率在实际应用中抑制了油/水混合物的分离效果。而基于超疏水性的新型吸附剂如海绵、活性炭材料、超疏水石墨烯和各类网状材料等能很好的克服传统材料的上述缺点。作为另一个无论是在工业领域,还是日常生活中都普遍存在的问题,外界腐蚀性介质对各种活性金属材料的腐蚀是决定设备使用寿命的关键。为此,本论文将从以下几个方面开展相关研究工作:(1)通过简单的原位聚合法能在不同的基底(包括海绵、网材、滤纸、织物)上制备聚吡咯薄膜,并通过后续的低表面能物质修饰使所制备的膜层获得超疏水性。这种由纳米级的聚吡咯薄膜和微观多孔结构的基底组成的超疏水膜层仅在重力作用下就能有效地分离油/水混合物。而且,这种构建在金属表面的超疏水膜层能够为金属基底带来优异的耐腐蚀性能,这无疑能在一定程度上延长金属设备的使用寿命。(2)通过将锌片热氧化制备出表面形貌为纳米柱的氧化锌膜层,并对其进行后续的表面改性处理,从而制备出超疏水的纳米氧化锌薄膜。其试验方法简单易行,成本较低,此外,超疏水性能有效地提高氧化锌纳米薄膜的耐蚀性。(3)通过在铜基底上使用原位液相生长法合成了超疏水硫化铜(Cu9S5)薄膜。制备的铜的硫化物层对基底的附着力很好,且此种超疏水表面也表现出良好的耐蚀性和化学稳定性,并能很好的应用于油水分离。
[Abstract]:The surface wettability of solids, a new research field that has been developed for decades, has shown great research value and played an important role in promoting the development of science and technology in the past ten years. Extreme wettability, such as super hydrophobicity, super hydrophilicity and super double hydrophobicity, are further understood, in which superhydrophobic surfaces are characterized by their anti-icing, drag reduction, antibacterial, transparency, water collection, oil and water separation, Special properties such as corrosion resistance play an extremely important role in large families with surface wettability. Oil spills and uncontrolled emissions of industrial waste oil have seriously damaged the natural environment. At present, it has become one of the most urgent environmental problems under the tide of global industrialization. The separation efficiency of traditional materials is extremely low. Poor selectivity and recycling efficiency inhibit the separation of oil / water mixtures in practical applications. New adsorbents based on superhydrophobicity such as sponges, activated carbon materials, Superhydrophobic graphene and all kinds of reticulated materials can overcome these shortcomings of traditional materials. As another common problem in both industrial and daily life, Corrosion of various active metal materials by external corrosive media is the key to determine the service life of the equipment. In this thesis, we will do some research on the following aspects: 1) polypyrrole films can be prepared on different substrates (including sponge, mesh, filter paper, fabric) by simple in situ polymerization. The superhydrophobicity of the prepared films is obtained by subsequent modification of low surface energy substances. This ultrahydrophobic film, which consists of nano-scale polypyrrole films and microporous substrates, can be effectively prepared by gravity alone. Separation of oil / water mixtures. And, This kind of superhydrophobic coating on the metal surface can bring excellent corrosion resistance to the metal substrate. This can extend the service life of metal equipment to a certain extent. By thermal oxidation of zinc sheet, zinc oxide film with nanoscale surface morphology can be prepared, and then the surface modification is carried out. Thus, superhydrophobic nano-ZnO thin films are prepared. The test method is simple and feasible, and the cost is relatively low. Superhydrophobic copper sulphide Cu _ 9S _ 5) thin films were synthesized by in situ liquid phase growth on copper substrates. The copper sulphide layers prepared have good adhesion to the substrates. The superhydrophobic surface also shows good corrosion resistance and chemical stability, and can be applied to oil and water separation.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG174.4

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