电主轴回转精度动态检测的关键技术

发布时间：2018-06-09 15:20

本文选题：回转误差 + 圆度误差　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：高精密和超精密机床系统是我国航空航天工业、国防工业以及民用工业中的不可或缺的重要加工装备。而高速电主轴又是精密机床系统中的核心功能部件,高速电主轴的功能是带动安装在上面的刀高速旋转,实现精密和超精密的加工过程。高速电主轴回转运动误差是评价精密和超精密数控机床加工设备主轴系统运动精度的最主要的技术参数,同时也是决定数控加工设备加工尺寸准确程度、形状及其位置准确程度和表面光洁度等加工参数的主要因素。对主轴系统回转运动误差进行检测时,主轴系统自身的圆度偏差很容易掺杂在回转运动误差中,但是对高速和高精度的主轴系统回转运动误差进行检测时,圆度偏差的影响不能够被简单的疏忽,所以对主轴系统回转运动误差检测方法的讨论重点是对误差分离方法的深入研究。本文详细地介绍了一种原理简单易懂、操作高效以及能够有效在实际加工零部件时对主轴系统运行状态进行检测的垂直两点法误差分离方法,详细介绍了垂直两点法误差分离方法在理论上的正确性,通过对测试系统的设计推出一套系统的检测方案和对数据进行运算处理的详细技术。由于需要确定垂直两点法误差分离方法的高效性和可靠性,对混合误差信号分离的精确度进行确认和分析,凭借Matlab软件的载体,通过编程编写了主轴系统回转运动误差的运算程序。运用此程序,应用垂直两点法误差分离方法分别对具有周期运动规律的主轴回转运动误差进行了运算并进行比较探讨,通过对得到的曲线图观测垂直两点法回转运动误差分离方法的分离结果,验证了垂直两点法的正确性。此外,通过讨论回转圈数的多少对分离效果和分离精度的趋势的影响。通过对垂直两点法回转运动误差分离方法的运动研究的检测单元,应用此单元测量主轴系统回转精度。对垂直两点法测量电主轴回转精度进行分析,利用垂直两点法分离误差方法对实验数据进行处理,得到主轴单元处在不同转速下的回转运动精度,研究表明电主轴单元转速在10000r/min以上时回转运动精度增高并趋于不变,找出对电主轴单元回转运动精度的影响因素并进行归纳。对电主轴单元回转运动精度的实时测量和转速控制给出了重要理论、实验参考。
[Abstract]:High precision and ultra-precision machine tool system is an indispensable and important processing equipment in aerospace industry, national defense industry and civil industry in China. The high-speed motorized spindle is the core functional component in the precision machine tool system. The function of the high-speed motorized spindle is to drive the knife mounted on it to rotate at high speed to realize the precision and ultra-precision machining process. The rotational motion error of high-speed motorized spindle is the most important technical parameter to evaluate the motion accuracy of spindle system of precision and ultra-precision NC machine tools, and it also determines the accuracy of machining dimension of NC machining equipment. The main factors of machining parameters such as shape and position accuracy and surface finish. The roundness deviation of the spindle system is easily mixed in the rotation motion error when measuring the rotation motion error of the spindle system. However, when measuring the rotation motion error of the high speed and high precision spindle system, the roundness deviation of the spindle system itself is easily mixed in the rotary motion error. The influence of roundness deviation can not be simply neglected, so the focus of the discussion on the measurement method of rotation error of spindle system is to study the error separation method deeply. This paper introduces in detail a vertical two point error separation method, which is simple and easy to understand, efficient in operation and can effectively detect the operating state of spindle system when machining parts in practice. The theoretical correctness of the vertical two point error separation method is introduced in detail. Through the design of the test system, a set of system detection scheme and the detailed technology of data processing are presented. Due to the need to determine the high efficiency and reliability of the vertical two-point error separation method, the accuracy of the mixed error signal separation is confirmed and analyzed, and the carrier of Matlab software is used. The calculation program of rotation error of spindle system is programmed. Using this program, the vertical two point error separation method is used to calculate and compare the rotation error of the spindle with periodic motion. The vertical-two-point method is proved to be correct by observing the separation results of the vertical two-point rotation error separation method. In addition, the influence of the number of rotation cycles on the separation effect and the trend of separation accuracy is discussed. This unit is used to measure the rotation accuracy of the spindle system through the research on the motion detection unit of the vertical two-point rotation error separation method. The rotary accuracy of the motorized spindle measured by the vertical two-point method is analyzed. The experimental data are processed by using the vertical two-point separation error method, and the rotary motion accuracy of the spindle unit at different rotational speeds is obtained. The results show that the rotational accuracy of the motorized spindle unit increases when the rotational speed is above 10000r/min and tends to remain unchanged. The influence factors on the rotary motion accuracy of the motorized spindle unit are found out and summarized. The important theory and experimental reference are given for the real time measurement of rotary motion accuracy and speed control of motorized spindle unit.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG502.3

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