整体硬质合金环形铣刀建模及磨削轨迹研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 13:34

本文选题：数控加工 + 环形铣刀　；参考：《哈尔滨理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国数控加工中常用的刀具主要有环形铣刀、球头铣刀、平头端铣刀等,由于环形铣刀具有球头铣刀和平头端铣刀的双重优点,因此越来越多地被应用在汽车、航空航天等领域关键零件的加工中。常用的数控刀具主要是通过引进国外的机床进行磨制加工或者从国外购买,且价格昂贵,但是在磨制环形铣刀时,刀具的周刃前刀面以及圆弧刃前刀面在连接出有过渡棱,影响刀具的切削性能。为了改善此现状,应需要对刀具的磨制进行更深入的研究,通过建立出砂轮磨削刀具各部分结构的磨削轨迹,保证环形铣刀周刃前刀面以及圆弧刃前刀面能够光滑过渡,进而提高环形铣刀的切削性能。本文首先通过对刀具螺旋线的定义以及回转面方程数学模型展开研究,建立了整体硬质合金环形铣刀刃线的几何模型,得到了环形铣刀圆弧刃与周刃的等螺旋角刃口曲线方程,并对环形铣刀的结构以及刀具角度进行了分析。其次,依据环形铣刀的结构参数以及刃口曲线的几何模型,运用坐标系转换和微分几何等理论知识,得到了环形铣刀在磨制时砂轮的中心及砂轮轴矢量的磨削轨迹。基于Matlab对得到的数学模型进行仿真,验证所建立模型的准确性。最后,根据SAACKE五轴工具磨床砂轮运动的特点,将所得到的磨削轨迹的数学模型进行后处理,并基于Matlab得到数控五轴工具磨床的运动指令值,为环形铣刀的磨制做准备。运用SAACKE五轴工具磨床自带的仿真软件NUMROTO对得到的运动指令值进行验证,检验磨床在运动过程中是否有超程以及过切现象,之后在SAACKE五轴工具磨床上进行磨制,最终确保了环形铣刀的周刃与圆弧刃的前刀面能够光滑过渡。本文所使用的研究方法将为实现在现有的五轴数控磨床上磨制环形铣刀提供了理论基础,同时也可为其它类似磨床进行刀具磨制或刀具设计的研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:At present, the commonly used cutters in NC machining in our country are mainly ring milling cutters, ball end milling cutters, flat end milling cutters, etc. Because the ring milling cutters have the dual advantages of ball end milling cutters and flat end milling cutters, they are more and more used in automobiles. Aerospace and other areas of key parts processing. The commonly used NC cutting tools are mainly grinded by imported machine tools or purchased from abroad, and they are expensive. However, in the grinding of annular milling cutters, the circumferential cutting face of the cutter and the front face of the circular blade are connected with the transitional edges. The cutting performance of cutting tools is affected. In order to improve the present situation, it is necessary to further study the grinding of the cutting tool. By establishing the grinding track of the parts of the grinding tool, the circumferential cutting surface of the annular milling cutter and the front face of the circular cutting edge can be smoothly transitioned. Furthermore, the cutting performance of annular milling cutter is improved. In this paper, the definition of the helix of the cutter and the mathematical model of the rotary surface equation are studied at first, and the geometric model of the edge line of the annular carbide milling cutter is established, and the curve equation of the circular angle cutting edge of the annular milling cutter is obtained, and the curve equation of the circular angle cutting edge of the annular milling cutter is obtained. The structure and angle of annular milling cutter are analyzed. Secondly, according to the structural parameters of the annular milling cutter and the geometric model of the cutting edge curve, the grinding path of the grinding wheel center and the grinding wheel axis vector are obtained by using the knowledge of coordinate system transformation and differential geometry. The mathematical model is simulated based on Matlab to verify the accuracy of the established model. Finally, according to the characteristics of the grinding wheel motion of the saackle five-axis tool grinder, the mathematical model of the grinding track is post-processed, and the motion instruction value of the CNC five-axis tool grinder is obtained based on Matlab, which makes preparation for the grinding of the ring milling cutter. The simulation software NUMROTO of saackle five-axis tool grinder is used to verify the obtained motion instruction value, to check whether the grinding machine has overrun and overcut phenomenon in the process of motion, and then to grind it on the saackle five-axis tool grinder. Finally, the smooth transition between the circumferential edge and the circumferential edge of the annular milling cutter is ensured. The research method used in this paper will provide a theoretical basis for the realization of grinding ring milling cutters on existing five-axis CNC grinders, and also provide a reference for other similar grinding machines for the research of tool grinding or tool design.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG714;TG580.6

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