机床误差的动态分析方法及其控制技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-06 14:06
【摘要】：本文在分析国内外机床误差控制及误差建模研究现状的基础上,系统研究了运动条件下的机床误差建模与分析方法,并建立了机床的通用误差模型。依托该模型对机床误差进行动态分析,包括误差的动态敏感度分析和作用规律分析;在分析的基础上,提出了面向加工精度的机床误差控制方法,开发了机床误差分析与控制的软件模块。本文主要研究内容如下:第一章介绍了进行课题研究的主要背景,以及国内外研究学者关于机床误差控制及误差建模两个方面的研究情况,系统地分析了现阶段研究存在的不足,阐明了本课题研究的意义及主要内容。第二章简要介绍了数字化机床误差建模所需的基本理论与方法,阐释了建模所依赖的基本理论“多体系统理论”及“齐次坐标变换理论”,归纳了机床通用误差模型的建立方法;提出了机床运动条件下误差敏感性分析的步骤及方法。以某目标机床为例,完成了z轴、x轴运动条件下组成该机床9个部件间的54项单元误差的误差敏感度分析。结果表明,在运动条件下,部分单元误差的敏感度发生变化,体现在敏感度的数值变化和敏感方向变化两个方面,该分析结果为机床误差的动态定量控制提供依据。第三章以机床运动误差模型为基础,给出了运动条件下机床误差作用规律分析的方法及一般步骤。机床误差作用规律的分析包含单个误差单元作用规律分析和多个误差单元作用规律分析两部分。前者是在运动条件下,分析区间内的单个误差单元所引起的机床x、y、z三个方向上综合误差的变化规律;而通过多个单元误差作用规律分析,可以掌握各误差源在传递过程中相互叠加或抵消的规律。第四章以控制工件加工误差为目的,提出了机床误差控制的方案。以车床上加工典型表面—圆柱面和端面为对象,分别对理想条件和误差存在条件下的工件表面加工进行可视化仿真,并通过编程,实现其圆柱度和平面度的数字化评定。根据模型需要,确定了基本公差项目的约束条件,用部件公差对机床整体误差模型中的参数进行约束。与机床误差的基本模型结合,探讨了公差约束下的工件加工精度控制方法。计算了部件公差约束下六自由度误差的变化范围,在假定这些误差服从均匀分布的条件下,输入模型获得了机床x、y、z三个方向上输出误差的统计规律。以工件x、y、z三个方向上的误差变动量和圆柱面工件径向全跳动为目标,根据误差敏感性分析和公差作用规律分析,反求出符合条件的部件间的公差。第五章借助MATLAB GUI平台,完成了“机床运动误差建模模块”、“误差敏感性分析模块”和“工件数字化成形模块”的编制。第六章总结了全文的工作;对机床误差控制和误差建模的后续研究进行展望。
[Abstract]:On the basis of analyzing the research status of machine tool error control and error modeling at home and abroad, this paper systematically studies the method of machine tool error modeling and analysis under moving conditions, and establishes the general error model of machine tool. Based on the model, the dynamic analysis of machine tool error is carried out, including the dynamic sensitivity analysis and action law analysis of the error, and based on the analysis, the error control method of machine tool oriented to machining accuracy is put forward. A software module for error analysis and control of machine tools is developed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter introduces the main background of the research, and the domestic and foreign scholars' research on error control and error modeling of machine tools. The deficiency of the present research is systematically analyzed, and the significance and main contents of this research are expounded. In the second chapter, the basic theories and methods for error modeling of digital machine tools are briefly introduced, and the basic theory of multi-body system theory and homogeneous coordinate transformation theory, which the modeling depends on, is explained. The method of establishing the general error model of machine tool is summarized, and the steps and methods of error sensitivity analysis under the condition of machine tool motion are put forward. Taking a target machine tool as an example, the error sensitivity analysis of 54 unit errors between 9 parts of the machine tool is completed under the condition of z axis x axis motion. The results show that the sensitivity of some unit errors changes in two aspects: the numerical change of sensitivity and the change of sensitivity direction. The results provide the basis for the dynamic quantitative control of machine tool errors. In chapter 3, based on the kinematic error model of machine tool, the method and general steps of analyzing the law of machine tool error under moving condition are given. The analysis of machine tool error action law includes two parts: single error unit action law analysis and multiple error unit action law analysis. The former is to analyze the variation law of synthetic error in three directions of machine tool xyz. caused by a single error unit in the interval under the condition of motion, but through the analysis of the law of action of multiple unit errors, The law of superposition or cancellation of each error source in the transmission process can be grasped. In chapter 4, the scheme of machine tool error control is put forward to control the machining error of workpiece. Taking the typical workpiece surface and the end surface of lathe as the object, the machining of workpiece surface under ideal condition and error condition is simulated, and through programming, the digitized evaluation of cylindrical degree and flatness is realized. According to the requirements of the model, the constraint conditions of the basic tolerance items are determined, and the parameters of the overall error model of the machine tool are constrained by the component tolerance. Combined with the basic model of machine tool error, the control method of workpiece machining precision under tolerance constraint is discussed. The variation range of six degrees of freedom errors under component tolerance constraints is calculated. Under the assumption that these errors are uniformly distributed, the statistical law of output errors in three directions of machine tool xyyz is obtained by the input model. Aiming at the error variation in the three directions of the workpiece xyyniz and the radial full runout of the cylindrical workpiece, the tolerance between the parts that accord with the conditions is obtained according to the error sensitivity analysis and the tolerance law analysis. In the fifth chapter, with the help of MATLAB GUI platform, the modules of "modeling of machine tool motion error", "error sensitivity analysis module" and "digitized forming module of workpiece" are completed. Chapter 6 summarizes the work of this paper, and looks forward to the following research on machine tool error control and error modeling.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG502
本文编号：2167961
[Abstract]:On the basis of analyzing the research status of machine tool error control and error modeling at home and abroad, this paper systematically studies the method of machine tool error modeling and analysis under moving conditions, and establishes the general error model of machine tool. Based on the model, the dynamic analysis of machine tool error is carried out, including the dynamic sensitivity analysis and action law analysis of the error, and based on the analysis, the error control method of machine tool oriented to machining accuracy is put forward. A software module for error analysis and control of machine tools is developed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter introduces the main background of the research, and the domestic and foreign scholars' research on error control and error modeling of machine tools. The deficiency of the present research is systematically analyzed, and the significance and main contents of this research are expounded. In the second chapter, the basic theories and methods for error modeling of digital machine tools are briefly introduced, and the basic theory of multi-body system theory and homogeneous coordinate transformation theory, which the modeling depends on, is explained. The method of establishing the general error model of machine tool is summarized, and the steps and methods of error sensitivity analysis under the condition of machine tool motion are put forward. Taking a target machine tool as an example, the error sensitivity analysis of 54 unit errors between 9 parts of the machine tool is completed under the condition of z axis x axis motion. The results show that the sensitivity of some unit errors changes in two aspects: the numerical change of sensitivity and the change of sensitivity direction. The results provide the basis for the dynamic quantitative control of machine tool errors. In chapter 3, based on the kinematic error model of machine tool, the method and general steps of analyzing the law of machine tool error under moving condition are given. The analysis of machine tool error action law includes two parts: single error unit action law analysis and multiple error unit action law analysis. The former is to analyze the variation law of synthetic error in three directions of machine tool xyz. caused by a single error unit in the interval under the condition of motion, but through the analysis of the law of action of multiple unit errors, The law of superposition or cancellation of each error source in the transmission process can be grasped. In chapter 4, the scheme of machine tool error control is put forward to control the machining error of workpiece. Taking the typical workpiece surface and the end surface of lathe as the object, the machining of workpiece surface under ideal condition and error condition is simulated, and through programming, the digitized evaluation of cylindrical degree and flatness is realized. According to the requirements of the model, the constraint conditions of the basic tolerance items are determined, and the parameters of the overall error model of the machine tool are constrained by the component tolerance. Combined with the basic model of machine tool error, the control method of workpiece machining precision under tolerance constraint is discussed. The variation range of six degrees of freedom errors under component tolerance constraints is calculated. Under the assumption that these errors are uniformly distributed, the statistical law of output errors in three directions of machine tool xyyz is obtained by the input model. Aiming at the error variation in the three directions of the workpiece xyyniz and the radial full runout of the cylindrical workpiece, the tolerance between the parts that accord with the conditions is obtained according to the error sensitivity analysis and the tolerance law analysis. In the fifth chapter, with the help of MATLAB GUI platform, the modules of "modeling of machine tool motion error", "error sensitivity analysis module" and "digitized forming module of workpiece" are completed. Chapter 6 summarizes the work of this paper, and looks forward to the following research on machine tool error control and error modeling.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG502
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 盛伯浩;数控机床的现状与发展[J];制造技术与机床;2004年01期
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