T2120深孔机床主轴静动态特性分析及优化设计

发布时间：2018-10-13 16:04

【摘要】：随着时代的不断发展，深孔机床也日益朝着高速化、高精度及高效率的方向发展。深孔机床主轴作为深孔机床主要部件之一，面临着主轴转速高、加工时间长、加工难度大等问题，易导致主轴结构单元应力应变过高，影响深孔机床的加工精度以及主轴的寿命，因此就需要对深孔机床主轴结构单元的应力和应变进行分析和优化。本文对深孔机床的主轴结构单元的应力和应变进行了有限元分析，通过优化设计降低了深孔机床主轴结构单元应力，为深孔机床主轴的轻量化设计提供了新的研究方法，在深孔加工领域中具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。本文以T2120深孔机床主轴为主要研究对象，采用ANSYS12.0对其主轴结构进行有限元分析，，得到该主轴在承受载荷下的位移云图和应力云图，分析得到机床主轴单元节点最大应力有待于进一步优化。为降低主轴单元节点最大应力，以主轴单元的最大变形为状态变量，以主轴体积和单元结构应力为优化目标，对深孔机床主轴进行多目标结构优化。研究结果表明：多目标优化与主轴原始设计比较，主轴体积减少了19%，单元最大应力减少了27%；与单目标优化比较，主轴体积减少了11%，单元最大应力减少了5%，最大应变减少4%。采用多目标结构优化方法更加合理和优越，能够使得深孔机床主轴在轻量化的基础上主轴结构应力达到最优。同时本文的研究也为国产深孔机床主轴的结构优化和改进积累了一定经验，而且提供了有效的参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, deep-hole machine tools are developing towards high speed, high precision and high efficiency. As one of the main parts of deep hole machine tool, the spindle of deep hole machine is faced with the problems of high spindle speed, long processing time and high processing difficulty, which can easily lead to excessive stress and strain of spindle structure unit. It is necessary to analyze and optimize the stress and strain of the spindle structure unit of the deep hole machine tool because of its influence on the machining accuracy and the life of the spindle. In this paper, the stress and strain of spindle structure unit of deep hole machine tool are analyzed by finite element method. The stress of spindle structure unit of deep hole machine tool is reduced by optimizing design, which provides a new research method for lightweight design of spindle of deep hole machine tool. It has certain theoretical significance and practical value in the field of deep hole processing. In this paper, the spindle of T2120 deep hole machine tool is taken as the main research object. The structure of the spindle is analyzed by using ANSYS12.0, and the displacement cloud diagram and stress cloud diagram of the spindle under load are obtained. The maximum stress of the spindle unit node of the machine tool needs to be further optimized. In order to reduce the maximum stress of the spindle unit node, the maximum deformation of the spindle unit is taken as the state variable, the volume of the spindle and the stress of the unit structure are taken as the optimization objectives, and the multi-objective structure optimization of the spindle of the deep hole machine tool is carried out. The results show that: compared with the original design of the spindle, the volume of the spindle is reduced by 19%, the maximum stress of the unit is reduced by 27%, and compared with the single objective optimization, the volume of the spindle is reduced by 11%, the maximum stress of the unit is reduced by 5%, and the maximum strain is reduced by 4%. The method of multi-objective structural optimization is more reasonable and superior, which can make the stress of spindle structure optimal on the basis of light weight. At the same time, the research in this paper has accumulated some experience for the structure optimization and improvement of the spindle of the deep hole machine tool made in China, and has provided the effective reference basis.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG52

【参考文献】