材质元素对不锈钢制品中重金属析出量影响的研究

发布时间：2019-04-15 14:40

【摘要】：随着人们越来越重视身体健康,人们对重金属的危害以及其进入体内的方式也越来越关注。不锈钢锅、不锈钢杯等不锈钢制品和水嘴是人们生活中最常见,也是最有可能将重金属传入人体内的食品接触产品。由于食品接触不锈钢制品需求量越来越大,并且具有重金属危害,需要进行大量的检测工作。但目前的重金属检测方法远不能满足不锈钢制品大批量检验和快速电子通关的需要。通过研究不锈钢制品材质元素对其重金属元素析出量的影响,探索一种快速无损检测不锈钢制品重金属析出量的方法具有重要意义。本论文选用不锈钢锅和不锈钢杯为实验研究对象,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分别分析了110批次不锈钢杯和40批次不锈钢锅的铅、铬、镍、镉、砷5种重金属元素的析出量,同时采用火花直读光谱仪和手持式合金分析仪分析了其表面C、S、Si、Mn、P、Cr、Ni、N等材质元素的含量,研究了不锈钢制品材质元素对其重金属元素析出量的影响。结果表明,材质元素P和Ni含量对重金属元素铅的析出量有显著影响,材质元素C、Si、Mn、P、Cr、N含量对重金属元素铬的析出量有显著影响,材质元素C、S、Mn、P、Cr、Ni、N含量对重金属元素镍的析出量有显著影响,材质元素Si、P、N的含量对重金属元素镉的析出量有显著影响,材质元素Si、Mn、P、Cr、Ni的含量对重金属元素砷的析出量有显著影响。同时,本文也对具有重金属铅危害的水嘴进行重金属铅析出量统计值(Q值)的研究。本文分别依据国家标准GB18145《陶瓷片密封水嘴》2014版和2003版检测方法,使用原子吸收光谱仪分别对15批次陶瓷片密封水嘴中重金属铅析出量进行检测,并对数据对比研究。结果表明,新国家标准引入统计学理论,能更科学地判定重金属铅析出量。Q值与浸泡液的体积VL、冷水调节因子CMV呈正比关系,建议水嘴生产企业生产VL、CMV都更小的水嘴,更易使Q值符合国家标准。
[Abstract]:As people pay more attention to physical health, people pay more and more attention to the harm of heavy metals and the way they enter the body. Stainless steel products and water nozzles such as stainless steel pots, stainless steel cups and so on are the most common and food contact products that are most likely to be introduced into the human body. Due to the increasing demand for food-exposed stainless steel products and the harm of heavy metals, a lot of testing work is needed. However, the current heavy metal detection methods can not meet the needs of mass inspection and fast electronic clearance of stainless steel products. It is of great significance to explore a rapid and non-destructive method for the determination of heavy metal precipitation in stainless steel products by studying the effect of material elements on the precipitation of heavy metal elements in stainless steel products. The lead, chromium, nickel and cadmium in 110 batches of stainless steel cups and 40 batches of stainless steel pots were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The contents of materials such as C, S, Si, mn, P, Cr, Ni, N on the surface of arsenic were analyzed by spark direct reading spectrometer and hand-held alloy analyzer. The effect of material elements on the precipitation of heavy metal elements in stainless steel products was studied. The results showed that the content of material elements P and Ni had a significant effect on the precipitation of heavy metal lead. The content of material elements C, Si, mn, P, Cr, N had a significant effect on the release of chromium from heavy metal elements, and the content of material elements C, S, mn, P, etc. The content of Cr,Ni,N has a significant effect on the precipitation of heavy metal element nickel, the content of material element Si,P,N has a significant effect on the release of heavy metal element cadmium, and the content of material element Si,Mn,P,Cr, has a significant effect on the release amount of heavy metal element cadmium. The content of Ni had a significant effect on the precipitation of heavy metal element arsenic. At the same time, the statistical value (Q value) of heavy metal lead release from the nozzle with heavy metal lead hazard is also studied in this paper. In this paper, according to the national standard GB18145 < ceramic plate seal nozzle > 2014 edition and 2003 edition detection method, 15 batches of ceramic piece seal nozzle were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer, and the data were compared. The results show that the introduction of statistical theory into the new national standard can more scientifically determine the amount of heavy metal lead precipitation. The Q value is proportional to the volume VL, cold water regulator CMV of the immersion solution. It is suggested that the nozzle production enterprises should produce the nozzle with smaller VL,CMV, and that the Q value is proportional to the cold water regulator factor CMV of the volume of the immersion solution. It is easier to make the Q value conform to the national standard.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG142.71

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