奥制齿轮刀具参数的双目测量方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 12:36

【摘要】：近年来,数控机床加工刀具的三维外形和刃口微观形状的设计制造以及与切削性能之间关系的研究日益受到重视,各种先进的检测技术和测量仪器得到大量开发并应用于生产实际。对于外形轮廓比较简单的数控刀具,一般采用数字光学投影设备、数字图像分析处理系统和激光测量系统来进行检测。对三维复杂形状的数控刀具精度检测,通常采用接触式三坐标测量仪进行测量,该方法测量精度较高,但是由于机械探针在测量过程中需要与刀具表面接触,容易损坏探针,且测量重复性差。因此,研究一种基于双目视觉测量技术的非接触式奥利康制螺旋锥齿轮加工刀具参数测量方法,实现对奥制刀条轮廓参数的精确测量具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。机器视觉检测技术是一种快速、非接触式测量方法,已被广泛应用于产品质量检测、三维表面轮廓测量等领域。机器视觉也被用于齿轮加工刀具一般参数的测量,但是普遍采用的是基于单目视觉的二维平面测量,受摄像机本身性能、刀具拍摄角度及光照条件影响较大,精度不高且不能获得刀具的二维轮廓数据,已经难以满足目前生产加工企业的迫切需要。本文采用基于双目视觉的物体三维轮廓检测技术,初步实现了对刀具三维轮廓参数的非接触无损快速检测并设计完善了测量系统,提高了测量速度和测量精度。本论文主要内容包括：1)介绍本课题的研究意义及国内外研究现状；2)围绕奥制齿轮刀具参数测量,研究并论述了单摄像机标定、双摄像机标定、图像预处理、双目极线校正、特征点匹配和三维重构理论；3)研究了测量方法并对奥制刀条参数测量系统硬件进行了初步设计；4)根据理论研究,对奥制刀条参数测量系统软件进行设计与编程,通过图像采集、边缘轮廓提取、特征点提取、三维重构,以及奥制刀条参数测量显示及输出等,实现对奥制刀条主要参数的测量；5)通过实验,对奥制刀条参数测量方法、测量系统的软件进行验证,包括摄像机标定精度验证、刀条参数测量系统精度验证等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the design and manufacture of 3D shape and micro shape of cutting tool and the relationship between 3D shape and cutting performance of NC machine tool. A variety of advanced detection techniques and measuring instruments have been developed and applied in production practice. For NC tools with simple outline, digital optical projection equipment, digital image analysis and processing system and laser measurement system are generally used to detect. The three-dimensional complex shape NC tool accuracy detection is usually measured by contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument. This method has high measurement accuracy, but because the mechanical probe needs to contact the tool surface in the measurement process, it is easy to damage the probe and the measurement repeatability is poor. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study a non-contact tool parameter measurement method for spiral bevel gear machining based on binocular vision measurement technology, and it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to realize the accurate measurement of the profile parameters of Austrian cutter strips. Machine vision detection technology is a fast and contactless measurement method, which has been widely used in product quality detection, three-dimensional surface profile measurement and other fields. Machine vision is also used to measure the general parameters of gear machining tools, but it is widely used in two-dimensional plane measurement based on monocular vision. Because of the camera's own performance, tool shooting angle and lighting conditions, the accuracy is not high and the two-dimensional profile data of cutting tools can not be obtained, which has been difficult to meet the urgent needs of current production and processing enterprises. In this paper, the 3D profile detection technology based on binocular vision is used to realize the non-contact nondestructive detection of tool 3D profile parameters, and the measurement system is designed and perfected, which improves the measurement speed and accuracy. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the research significance of this topic and the research status at home and abroad are introduced; 2) focusing on the measurement of Austrian gear tool parameters, the theories of single camera calibration, double camera calibration, image preprocessing, binocular polar line correction, feature point matching and 3D reconstruction are studied and discussed. 3) the measurement method is studied and the hardware of the Austrian cutter bar parameter measurement system is designed. 4) according to the theoretical research, the software of the Austrian blade parameter measurement system is designed and programmed. Through image acquisition, edge outline extraction, feature point extraction, three-dimensional reconstruction, as well as the measurement display and output of the Austrian blade parameter, the measurement of the main parameters of the Austrian blade is realized. 5) through experiments, the measurement method of Austrian blade parameters and the software of the measurement system are verified, including camera calibration accuracy verification, blade parameter measurement system accuracy verification and so on.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG721;TP391.41

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