基于分子信标的DNA计算模型研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 14:43

本文关键词： DNA计算分子信标粘贴模型微流控芯片可满足性问题 0-1整数规划问题　出处：《安徽理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1994年,Adleman用DNA分子解决了七节点的有向Hamilton路径问题,成功打开了DNA计算研究领域之门。DNA计算机因具有大存储空间、高并行性和低耗能等特征而成为了科学界的研究新宠。自DNA计算出现以来,其无论是在模型的设计上还是在硬件的实现上都有了重大的进展和非凡的成果,这些进展和成果为进一步研究和发展DNA计算提供了很大的帮助。分子信标是一种寡聚核苷酸探针,它的形状类似于“发夹”,拥有结构简单、高灵敏度以及高特异性等特点。分子信标最初用于测量溶液中的靶标数量,后经人们的研究与发展,分子信标已成为分子生物学、数学等研究领域的一种重要研究工具。殷志祥最先提出了利用分子信标的特殊结构来求解组合优化问题,本文借鉴殷志祥的求解思路,以分子信标作为DNA计算的载体,做了如下研究,并通过解决一些实际问题来检验其效果。首先,根据分子信标的结构特点,将分子信标与粘贴模型相结合,把分子信标作为粘贴模型中的粘贴链,生成分子信标粘贴模型。该模型与普通的分子信标模型相比的优势在于不需要生物酶的参与也不需要DNA链的延长；与普通的粘贴模型相比的优势在于在实际操作中不需再添加荧光探针来检测DNA链的反映结果。本文将分子信标粘贴模型应用于求解可满足性问题中,并给出具体实例验证。其次,根据分子信标的结构特点及微流控芯片技术的优势,将分子信标与微流控芯片技术相结合,在微流控芯片上实现分子信标的计算,建立一种新型分子信标模型。该模型弥补了分子信标在溶液和固体表面的不易操作、误差大等缺点,为深入研究分子信标提供了更有力的帮助。本文将基于微流控芯片的分子信标模型应用于求解0-1整数规划问题中,并给出具体实例验证。最后,将分子信标、粘贴模型及微流控芯片技术三者相联结,构建基于微流控芯片的分子信标粘贴模型。该模型弥补了传统模型的操作较复杂、反应较慢及误差较大等不足,而且可以应用于更加复杂的实际问题。
[Abstract]:In 1994, Adleman solved the seven-node directed Hamilton path problem by using DNA molecule, and successfully opened the door of DNA computing research field. The characteristics of high parallelism and low energy consumption have become a new favorite of the scientific community. Since the advent of DNA computing, it has made great progress and remarkable achievements in both the design of models and the implementation of hardware. These advances and achievements have provided a great help in the further study and development of DNA calculations. Molecular beacons are oligonucleotide probes similar in shape to "hairpins" and have simple structures. Molecular beacons were initially used to measure the number of targets in solution. Yin Zhixiang first proposed using the special structure of molecular beacons to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, the molecular beacons are used as the carrier of DNA calculation. Firstly, according to the structural characteristics of molecular beacons, the molecular beacons are combined with the sticker model, and the molecular beacons are used as the sticker chains in the sticker model. The advantages of this model compared with the ordinary molecular beacon model are that it does not require the participation of biological enzymes and the extension of DNA chain. Compared with the common sticker model, the advantage of the molecular beacon sticker model is that it is not necessary to add fluorescence probe to detect the reflection result of DNA chain in practice. In this paper, the molecular beacons sticker model is applied to solve the satisfiability problem. Secondly, according to the structure characteristics of molecular beacons and the advantages of microfluidic chip technology, the molecular beacons are combined with microfluidic chip technology to realize the calculation of molecular beacons on microfluidic chips. A new molecular beacon model is established, which makes up for the disadvantages of the molecular beacons in solutions and solid surfaces, such as difficult operation and large errors. In this paper, the molecular beacon model based on microfluidic chip is applied to solve 0-1 integer programming problem, and an example is given to verify it. A molecular beaconing model based on microfluidic chip is constructed by combining the sticker model and microfluidic chip technology. The model makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional model, such as complex operation, slow response and large error. And can be applied to more complex practical problems.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP38

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