绿色桌面云的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 10:55

本文选题：桌面虚拟化　切入点：虚拟机　出处：《南京大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着市场对绿色计算和IT管理成本的关注,桌面虚拟化已成为学术界和工业界关注的热点,是云计算领域中继服务器虚拟化之后又一新的技术创新点。桌面虚拟化技术是虚拟化成熟度最高的绿色、高效能计算模型。领先的市场研究公司GARTNER预测,全球桌面虚拟化市场规模在2012年将达到25亿美金,到2014年将达到100亿美金,并且把桌面虚拟化作为排名第一的未来战略技术。据《中国云计算发展白皮书》的估算,中国的桌面虚拟化市场在2014年将达50亿元人民币,并且每年以30%的速度增长。传统上,不管是产业界还是学术界都将桌面虚拟化作为服务器虚拟化的一种扩展。认为在服务器虚拟层之上增加了桌面供应、连接代理、桌面管理、桌面宿主服务器等部件就可提供虚拟桌面服务。桌面的供应是通过调用底层服务器虚拟化接口实现。CITRIX的XENDESKTOP和VMWARE公司的VEIW产品均属于这种技术。这类技术最大的特点就是必须要依赖于底层的服务器虚拟化平台支撑。这类技术及产品平台适合于大型数据中心的部署,对内部网络要求较高,一般需要高速网络支持,需要昂贵的共享存储部件实现高可用性、桌面动态供应等特性。因此,其存在的问题在于：(1)服务器虚拟化适合于CPU密集型的应用,而桌面负载属于10密集型应用,因此这种结构不能提高虚拟桌面应用的模式；(2)对配套的软硬件、网络、存储要求较高,要达到与服务器虚拟化平台相似的部署要求；(3)成本过高,由于对配套设施要求较高,产生的采购费用、管理费用、维护费用高昂,是传统PC成本的8倍,投资回报期一般为5-8年；(4)管理复杂,管理与运维中涉及的专业领域过多,需要管理人员精通共享存储、桌面管理、高速网络、服务器虚拟化等专业知识。本课题是从桌面虚拟化的技术与性能、成本、可达性、复杂度四个方面寻找一个最优平衡点作为研究的基本出发点。成本是指虚拟桌面的采购成本要接近甚至低于现有的PC；可达性是指能够在已有的网络环境和硬件资源上部署,而不需要重新规划基础设施；复杂度是指整个桌面虚拟系统能够易于部署、管理与维护、没有太多的分离的部件。本论文中要达到以下研究目标：(1)实现简单而又高效的桌面管理机制。实现一套管理简单、可自动化交付与应用更新的桌面管理机制；实现能够对大量桌面系统短时间内的按计划更新和交付需求,能够在单一管理界面进行桌面系统相关的调度、备份以及恢复等操作；(2)支持基于廉价硬件、存储系统和普通以太网的架构。系统对硬件、存储和网络的要求要最小化不需要数据中心级的部署要求,能够直接运行在普通的服务器硬件之上；支持直接附加存储系统(DAS)和普通的以太网络系统；(3)实现桌面服务器节点的弹性扩展和高可用性。简化虚拟桌面服务组件,单个桌面服务器节点可独立交付桌面服务而无需复杂的组件支持；支持桌面服务器节点的线性弹性扩展,交付服务可支持中小型企业的按需扩展；(4)实现按需桌面动态交付特性。桌面服务可动态按需交付,自动配置与生成定制化的桌面系统；支持不同桌面调度策略,可同时批量更新上千台桌面系统。针对上述要达到的研究目标,本文的第三章中通过对传统的桌面系统部署与管理、生命周期进行分析后,结合虚拟环境中桌面系统部署与管理的特点设计了虚拟环境中桌面镜像管理的生命周期,并以此作为研究的基础提出了虚拟环境中的镜像管理机制以及虚拟桌面的刷新策略。通过上述机制和策略,可以实现在短时间内对虚拟桌面系统进行批量更新,大大减少系统管理员在维护桌面系统上花费的时间和精力。为了实现桌面镜像快速克隆与实例化的需求,本文第四章提出了一种桌面系统远程存储接入机制。首先对桌面系统用户数据的访问行为进行了为期一周的跟踪并对访问模式进行了分析,提出了一种适合在低速网络环境中数据接入机制--LAZING-CACHING。通过该机制,可以有效的将桌面镜像中的操作系统与用户数据分离。实验证明这种方式在一定的程度上增加了镜像文件的灵活性,传输效率较高,并且极大的节省了存储空间。虚拟桌面系统的动态感知是实现虚拟桌面资源精确、按需交付的前提条件。第五章系统地介绍了虚拟环境中依赖资源的感知策略与模式,并分别针对虚拟机服务器、DOMAINU、桌面系统三种关键资源提出了相应的运行时感知方法和技术。第六章提出了一种基于廉价存储设备DAS的分布式文件系统虚拟机技术,该技术是通过在基于NFS的分布式文件系统中使用代理的模式加速桌面镜像在低速存储设备的传输而实现的。通过该技术可以将普通的DAS存储系统通过以太网组成一个高速、可靠、按需扩展的桌面镜像存储系统。第七章的虚拟桌面系统是最为核心的部分,是虚拟桌面系统在网格环境中动态按需交付的设计与实现。这在一章中重点介绍了DESKTOPGRID、DESKTOPPLANT、DESKTOPAGENT等组成部件及实现原理。
[Abstract]:With the market focus on green IT calculation and cost management, desktop virtualization has become the focus of attention of academia and industry, is after the cloud computing relay server virtualization is a new technology innovation. Desktop virtualization technology is a green virtual maturity is the highest, high performance computing leading market model. Research firm GARTNER predicts that the Global Desktop Virtualization market size in 2012 will reach $2 billion 500 million by 2014 will reach $10 billion, and the desktop virtualization as ranked first in the future strategic technology. According to the < Chinese estimation of cloud computing development white paper >, desktop virtualization Chinese market will reach 5 billion yuan in 2014, and the annual growth rate of 30%.
Traditionally, whether industry or academia are desktop virtualization as an extension of server virtualization. In server virtual layer increases the desktop supply connection proxy, desktop management, desktop host server and other components can provide a virtual desktop service. The desktop is supplied through calls to the underlying server virtualization interface.CITRIX XENDESKTOP and VMWARE VEIW products belong to this technology. The server virtualization platform is the biggest characteristic of this kind of technology must rely on the underlying support. This kind of technology and product platform for the deployment of large data centers, higher requirements for the internal network, generally require high-speed network support, the need for expensive sharing the storage component to achieve high availability, dynamic characteristics of desktop supply. Therefore, in the existing problems: (1) the server virtualization is suitable for dense CPU The type of application, which belongs to the 10 desktop load intensive applications, so this structure can improve the virtual desktop application mode; (2) hardware and software supporting the network, storage requirements higher, to achieve similar server virtualization platform deployment requirements; (3) the cost is too high, due to the high demands of the facilities the cost of procurement, production, management costs, maintenance costs, the cost is 8 times the traditional PC, the investment return period is generally 5-8 years; (4) the management of complex, too much involved in the professional field of management and maintenance, managers are required to master shared storage, desktop management, high-speed network, server virtualization etc. professional knowledge.
This subject is from the technology and performance, desktop virtualization cost, accessibility, the complexity of the four aspects to find an optimal balance point as the basic starting point of the study. The cost refers to the purchase cost of the virtual desktop to be close to or even lower than the existing PC; accessibility refers to the deployment in the existing network environment and hardware resources, without the need for re planning of infrastructure; complexity refers to the entire desktop virtual system can ease of deployment, management and maintenance, not too much separation of components. In this paper, to achieve the following objectives: (1) to achieve a simple and efficient desktop management mechanism. To achieve a simple management, can automatic delivery and application of updated desktop management mechanism; to achieve a short time a large number of desktop systems within the planned update and delivery requirements, to desktop system related scheduling in a single management interface, preparation Copy and recovery operation; (2) based on inexpensive hardware, storage system and ordinary Ethernet architecture. The system of hardware, storage and network requirements to minimize unwanted data center deployment requirements, can be directly run on ordinary server hardware support; direct attached storage system (DAS) and ordinary Ethernet network system; (3) the elastic expansion and high desktop server nodes use. Virtual desktop service component, a single desktop server node can independently deliver desktop services without complicated component support; linear elastic support desktop server node expansion, delivery service can support small and medium enterprises (on-demand expansion; 4) to achieve on-demand dynamic desktop delivery characteristics. Desktop service dynamic on-demand delivery system, desktop automatic configuration and generate customized desktop support; different scheduling strategy can be. At the same time, batch updates of thousands of desktop systems.
According to the above research objectives to be achieved, through the deployment and management of traditional desktop system in the third chapter, life cycle analysis, combining the characteristics of Virtual Desktop Deployment and management design of the desktop image management in the virtual environment of the life cycle, and as the basis of the study put forward the refresh strategy of virtual environment in the image management mechanism and virtual desktop. Through these mechanisms and strategies can be achieved in a short time on the virtual desktop system for batch updates, greatly reduce the system administrator in the maintenance of desktop system on time and energy.
In order to realize the rapid cloning and instantiation of the desktop image, the fourth chapter of this paper presents a remote memory access mechanism of desktop system. Firstly the desktop user data access for a week on the track and access mode are analyzed, put forward a kind of suitable in the low network environment through the data access mechanism of --LAZING-CACHING. this mechanism can effectively separate the operating system desktop image and user data. Experimental results show that this method increases the flexibility of the image file to a certain extent, high transmission efficiency, and greatly saves storage space.
Dynamic perception of virtual desktop virtual desktop resources is accurate, according to the condition of delivery. The fifth chapter systematically introduces perception strategy and model of resource dependence in the virtual environment, and respectively for the virtual machine server, DOMAINU desktop system, three key resources and put forward the corresponding operation sensing method and technology.
The sixth chapter presents a virtual machine technology, distributed file system, low-cost storage devices based on DAS, the technology is adopted in the distributed file system based on NFS using agent model to accelerate the desktop image transmission in low-speed storage device and achieve. The technology can DAS storage system by ordinary Ethernet to form a high speed, reliable, according to the desktop image storage system needs to be extended.
The seventh chapter of the virtual desktop system is the core part. It is the design and implementation of virtual desktop system's dynamic on-demand delivery in grid environment. In this chapter, the components and implementation principles of DESKTOPGRID, DESKTOPPLANT and DESKTOPAGENT are mainly introduced.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP302

【参考文献】