云计算中虚拟机动态迁移技术的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 14:28

本文选题：云计算 + 虚拟化　；参考：《太原理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：云计算被认为是继PC、互联网之后可能再一次改写IT面貌的“第三次IT革命”,是少见的能够同时引起互联网、IT和电信行业共同关注的新领域。这就在于云计算是一个融合了互联网商业模式的、革命性的IT技术和电信服务运营的新生事物。近年来,云计算的价值进一步为业界所认可,在走过最初技术引入期的喧嚣之后,开始进入爆发式增长的阶段。云计算的解决方案和具体产品层出不穷,应用范围逐步拓展,并出现了很多成功的商业应用案例。Google、Amazon、IBM微软等欧美大公司,已经走在前面,纷纷转型,研发和运营不同的云计算产品和服务。云计算不仅仅是技术革新驱动商业模式变革的产物,也是用户需求驱动IT运营变革的结果。从运营商的角度来看,云计算中原来承担很多任务的用户端设备将逐渐得到解放,变得更加简单和便捷。通过统一部署支持IT、通信和信息服务的云平台及云客户端设备和系统,各类用户使用传统通信和IT服务及协同工作、学习、娱乐的门槛会显著降低；而对于用户而言,其使用资源和享受服务的成本将越来越低,且方便性大大增强。用户通过运营商提供的宽带接入服务,可以随时随地低成本地接入运营商提供的云平台,享受各种云服务,如大规模计算、信息处理、应用开发、数据存储和备份以及各细分市场的应用提供和服务支付等。在网络和IT基础设施的分布式环境下,虚拟化技术作为云计算的基础支撑性技术为云计算的成功运营提供了技术保障。虚拟化技术实现了资源的逻辑抽象和统一表示,可以对规模化的用户服务需求进行精心的匹配,在硬件设施和网络资源的合理分配、软件应用的统一部署、海量数据的集中处理及存储管理、数据容错等方面都有着巨大的优势,大大提升了资源利用率和数据处理效率,降低了管理难度和失误率,从而有效地控制了成本。目前,Xen和VMware是虚拟化服务的主流供应商,并分别提供Xen Live migration和VMware Vmotion虚拟机动态迁移工具,以实现虚拟机的部署和迁移。虚拟机的动态迁移是将一台服务器上的虚拟机实时地迁移至另一台服务器上。迁移过程中,除了时间极短的暂停阶段,虚拟机全程不中断地为用户提供服务。因此,虚拟机的动态迁移成为了云计算中解决负载均衡、服务器维护及工作环境迁移等问题的有效方法。但是在现阶段,虚拟机的迁移调度是手动或半自动化实现的,调度效率不高,影响虚拟机的迁移性能。此外,虚拟机的动态迁移只进行CPU、内存、网络设备及I/O等状态的迁移,在主机间通过SAN (storage area network)、NAS (net-work-attached storage)等方式共享存储设备而不进行磁盘数据的迁移。随着网络技术和应用需求的发展,需要在无法实现共享存储或广域网环境下实现包括磁盘数据的虚拟机全系统实时迁移。针对云计算的特点和应用需求,本文在现有虚拟机动态迁移框架的基础上,对虚拟机动态迁移的调度策略及数据迁移算法进行了优化,并在Xen虚拟化架构下实现了包括磁盘数据在内的虚拟机全系统迁移。该方案的优点主要在于：一、可以监控云计算资源的实时使用情况,并自动触发迁移,完成高效的负载均衡；二、实现了虚拟机磁盘数据的迁移,将来可以应用于广域网环境,增强了云计算的可用性和动态可扩展性。
[Abstract]:Cloud computing is thought to be the " third IT revolution " that could once again override IT ' s face following the PC , which is a new area of common concern to the Internet , IT and telecommunications industries . This is because cloud computing is a new generation that combines Internet business models , revolutionary IT technologies , and telecommunications services . In recent years , cloud computing is a new generation of business applications . Cloud computing solutions and concrete products are evolving and a number of successful business applications have emerged . Many companies , such as Google , Amazon , IBM , and so on , have taken steps to transform , develop and operate different cloud computing products and services .

Cloud computing is not only the product of technological innovation driving business model change , but also the result of user demand driven IT operation change . From the point of view of the operator , the user - side equipment that originally undertook many tasks in cloud computing will gradually be liberated , become more simple and convenient . By unified deployment of cloud platform and cloud client device and system supporting IT , communication and information service , all kinds of users use traditional communication and IT services and work together , learning and entertainment threshold will be significantly reduced ;
With the broadband access service provided by the operator , the user can access the cloud platform provided by the operator at low cost , anytime and anywhere , and enjoy various cloud services , such as large - scale computing , information processing , application development , data storage and backup , application provision and service payment for each segment market , and the like .

In the distributed environment of network and IT infrastructure , virtualization technology provides the technology guarantee for the successful operation of cloud computing . The virtualization technology realizes the logical abstraction and uniform representation of resources , and has great advantages in the rational distribution of hardware facilities and network resources , unified deployment of software applications , centralized processing of massive data and storage management , data fault tolerance , etc . , thus effectively controlling cost . Currently , Xen and VMware are the mainstream vendors of virtualization services , and provide Xen Live migration and VMware Vmotion virtual machine dynamic migration tools , respectively , to realize the deployment and migration of virtual machines .

The dynamic migration of virtual machines is an effective way to solve the problems of load balance , server maintenance and migration of virtual machines .

Aiming at the characteristics and application requirements of cloud computing , this paper optimizes the scheduling strategy and data migration algorithm of virtual machine dynamic migration based on the existing dynamic migration framework of virtual machines , and realizes the virtual machine system migration including magnetic disk data under the Xen virtualization architecture . The scheme has the advantages that : firstly , the real - time usage of cloud computing resources can be monitored , and the migration is triggered automatically , and efficient load balancing is completed ;
secondly , the migration of the virtual machine disk data is realized , the future can be applied to the wide area network environment , and the usability and the dynamic scalability of the cloud computing are enhanced .

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP302

【参考文献】