基于UHF RFID的实验平台设计

发布时间：2018-04-22 15:05

本文选题：超高频 + RFID　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：射频识别(RFID, Radio Frequency Identification)技术是一门融合了多学科的应用技术,涵盖了微波电磁学理论、通信原理、嵌入式系统以及集成电路等技术。其主要是通过电磁波技术与标签传输信息,其中的无源标签可以依靠信号中的能量工作；集成电路技术的发展使得RFID技术中的器件体积越来越小,功耗越来越低,性能越来越好。而与嵌入式技术的结合使得应用方式更灵活,应用范围更广。现在RFID已经广泛应用于交通管制、门禁安防、工业自动化等众多行业,明显成为一项新的经济增长点。近几年来RFID在物联网应用中的表现更是受人瞩目,是构建物联网的传感网络中不可或缺的一部分,其标签的封装多样性完全适用于附着在各式各样的物品上。物联网(Internet Of Things)就是通过网络将物与物、人与物联系起来,达到信息共享、智能管理的目标。起初RFID技术只是应用在组建传感网络中,对于传输网络和智能管理网络则是有心无力。但是随着网络技术和嵌入式技术的发展,这三层理论上的网络结构在实际应用中已经不那么明显。RFID技术结合嵌入式系统完全可以实现一套简易、小型的物联网,而且方便扩展,完全可以在硬件不变的基础上结合PC端的软件或者服务器端的数据库,就能形成一套比较完整的物联网系统。本次设计虽然注重于RFID单项技术,但是同时也留下许多可方便与嵌入式系统结合的接口,例如网络接口,can总线协议以及常用的RS232和485总线。除此之外,还加入专用芯片设计和提供低功耗设计方法。本课题的研究内容主要是设计一套超高频(915Mhz)的RFID实验平台,其中包括超高频射频电路的设计、测试电路的设计、协议的功能和演示设计以及防碰撞算法的实现。其中射频电路和协议的实现只是实验平台的根本,在此基础上,加入了测试电路,方便演示和实验；并对协议进行拆解处理,方便学习；同时在程序实现的时候留出防碰撞算法的接口,方便学生通过平台测试自己的防碰撞算法。同时为了实现低功耗设计,本次平台还加入了专用芯片的设计方案,可方便实现低功耗的设计。结合调试系统时所遇到的问题以及平台所特有的电路结构,在第五章节描述了进行不同实验时电路的最佳结构。本文依次从方案确定、芯片选取、电路设计以及程序实现等方面,结合理论和实际应用讲解设计的方法和理由。
[Abstract]:RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a multi-disciplinary application technology, including microwave electromagnetic theory, communication principle, embedded system and integrated circuit technology. It mainly transmits information through electromagnetic wave technology and tag, in which passive tag can work by energy in signal, the development of integrated circuit technology makes the device in RFID technology smaller and smaller, and the power consumption is lower and lower. The performance is getting better and better. And the combination with embedded technology makes the application more flexible and the scope of application wider. Now RFID has been widely used in many industries, such as traffic control, entrance guard, industrial automation and so on, and has become a new economic growth point. In recent years, the performance of RFID in the application of the Internet of things has attracted more and more attention. It is an indispensable part of building the sensor network of the Internet of things, and the packaging diversity of its label is completely applicable to all kinds of objects attached to it. Internet of things (Internet of things) is to connect things with things, people and things through the network to achieve the goal of information sharing and intelligent management. At first, RFID technology was only used to build sensor networks, but it was powerless for transmission networks and intelligent management networks. However, with the development of network technology and embedded technology, the three-layer theoretical network structure has become less obvious in practical application. RFID technology combined with embedded system can completely realize a set of simple, small Internet of things, and it is easy to expand. It is possible to combine PC software or server database on the basis of the same hardware, and form a relatively complete Internet of things system. Although this design focuses on the single RFID technology, it also leaves many interfaces that can be easily combined with embedded system, such as the network interface can bus protocol and the commonly used RS232 and 485 bus. In addition, special chip design and low-power design methods are added. The main research content of this thesis is to design a set of UHF (915MHz) RFID experimental platform, including the design of UHF RF circuit, the design of test circuit, the function and demonstration design of protocol and the realization of anti-collision algorithm. The realization of RF circuit and protocol is only the basis of the experimental platform. On this basis, the test circuit is added to facilitate the demonstration and experiment, and the protocol is disassembled to facilitate learning. At the same time, the interface of anti-collision algorithm is set aside when the program is implemented, which is convenient for students to test their anti-collision algorithm through the platform. At the same time, in order to achieve low power design, the platform also added a special chip design scheme, which can facilitate the implementation of low power design. Combined with the problems encountered in debugging the system and the unique circuit structure of the platform, the optimal structure of the circuit in different experiments is described in the fifth chapter. In this paper, the method and reason of the design are explained from the following aspects: scheme determination, chip selection, circuit design and program realization, combined with theory and practical application.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP391.44;TP368.1

【参考文献】