非易失性存储器的能耗研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 17:47

本文选题：非易失性存储器 + 相变存储器　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新型可字节寻址的非易失性存储器(NVM),例如相变存储器(Phase Change Memory,PCM)在低能耗、高密度、就地更新数据等方面拥有很多的优点,但是由于NVM具有读写不对称性特点,即写操作的代价要比读操作代价高许多倍,从而造成较高的写能耗,阻碍NVM的进一步发展,因此减少NVM的能耗是NVM在市场中能够广泛应用的一个重要前提步骤。而非易失性存储器的能耗大部分集中在写NVM操作上,所以在设计节能的NVM系统中,最大的挑战就是如何减少NVM上的写操作次数。与闪存不同,PCM等非易失性存储器的比特可变换特点使得PCM在更新数据时不需要先进行擦除整块数据,然后再进行更新数据操作,也就是只更新与输入数据不一致的比特位,不需要更新与输入数据一样的比特位。因此,我们可以基于NVM的这个优点再结合相应的方法就可以达到节省能耗的效果。本文提出了一种基于内容感知的写机制(CA-NVM)来减少基于NVM辅助存储器的能耗。其核心思想就是基于NVM的文件系统在进行I/O数据写入时,找一个与I/O写请求页内容相似空闲数据页作为待写数据页,如果两个页内容具有较高的相似度,那么请求页数据内容写入到空闲页上时需要更新的比特位将会较少,达到减少写次数的目的,从而相应的减少了NVM存储器的写能耗。为了加速选择与请求页相似的空闲页过程,本文引用了采样机制,即分别从空闲页和请求页中取出部分样品,然后对样品进行比较分析,得到一个较优的空闲页作为请求页的待写数据页。由于基于NVM的辅助存储器的空闲页数量基数庞大且所处物理位置没有规律性,所以本文为了方便空闲页样品的快速定位,设计了一个特殊的存储区域来存储部分空闲页的样品。本文收集日常的真实数据集作为一系列实验的输入,实验结果显示,与传统的随机页分配方式相比,本文提出的CA-NVM写机制最高可以减少36.03%的写次数,以及平均减少的能耗大约为21.3%,因此CA-NVM是一种有效的减少NVM写能耗方式。
[Abstract]:A new type of byte addressable nonvolatile memory, such as phase change memory, phase Change memory, has many advantages in low energy consumption, high density, updating data in situ, etc. That is, the cost of writing operation is many times higher than that of read operation, which results in higher write energy consumption and hinders the further development of NVM. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of NVM is an important prerequisite for NVM to be widely used in the market. The energy consumption of non-volatile memory is mostly concentrated on writing NVM operation, so the biggest challenge in designing energy-efficient NVM system is how to reduce the number of write operations on NVM. Different from flash memory, the non-volatile memory such as PCM has the characteristics of bit transformability, which makes it unnecessary for PCM to erase the whole block of data and then update the data, that is, to update only bits that are inconsistent with the input data. There is no need to update the same bits as the input data. Therefore, we can combine this advantage of NVM and the corresponding method to achieve the effect of energy saving. In this paper, a content-based write mechanism (CA-NVM) is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of NVM-aided memory. Its core idea is that the file system based on NVM, when writing I / O data, finds an idle data page that is similar to the content of the I / O write request page as the data page to be written, if the two pages have a high similarity. Then the number of bits that need to be updated when the data content of the request page is written to the free page will be reduced to reduce the number of writes, thus reducing the write energy consumption of the NVM memory. In order to speed up the process of selecting free pages similar to the request pages, this paper refers to the sampling mechanism, that is, to take some samples from the free pages and the request pages respectively, and then to compare and analyze the samples. Get an optimal free page as the pending data page for the request page. Because the number of free pages in auxiliary memory based on NVM is very large and the physical position is not regular, in order to locate the sample of free page quickly, a special storage area is designed to store the sample of part of free page. This paper collects daily real data sets as input to a series of experiments. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional random page allocation, the CA-NVM writing mechanism proposed in this paper can reduce the number of writes by 36.03% up to 36.03%. And the average reduction in energy consumption is about 21.3, so CA-NVM is an effective way to reduce NVM write energy consumption.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP333

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