中央空调嵌入式监控系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-12 21:21

本文选题：STM32 + ENC28J60　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展与人类生活水平的提高,人们对居住环境、办公环境的要求也越来越高。于是出现了智能楼宇、智慧地球、物联网等概念,这些系统借助科技的力量大大地改善了人类的生活环境,其中尤为值得探讨的要属智能楼宇。智能楼宇,也就是让一栋传统的建筑具有一种人性化、科技化的体现,其核心是通过综合布线技术将数字监控系统、报警系统、楼宇对讲系统、门禁系统、会议系统等进行有机综合,集系统、结算、管理、服务及它们之间的最优化组合,使建筑物具备了安全、便利、高效、节能等特点。中央空调系统的出现,丰富了智能楼宇概念、提升了楼宇的智能化,为楼宇温度环境的调节起到了重要作用,同时为楼宇的节能降耗做出了一定贡献。中央空调在改善人们居住、办公环境的同时,也造成了不小的能耗。目前中央空调系统使用中,还存在着一些问题,主要表现在控制系统基本以分散控制为主,未实现整个系统的大联网,无法智能管理,写字楼、政府等办公型建筑中下班时经常有职员忘记关闭房间空调开关,造成能源浪费等。虽然有少数中央空调生产厂家进行了部分网络化控制的尝试,但采用的通信多为RS485、I2C等,通信距离有限,能集中监控的末端数目及控制功能也都有限,同时由于控制网络中的产品多为51系列或其增强型的单片机,也制约了其功能的进一步扩展。随着近几年网络技术的发展,人们对连接各种装置到一个现有的网络如以太网产生了浓厚的兴趣,这种强烈的需求刺激产生了诸如uIP、LWIP等精简型TCP/IP协议栈,对于运算处理能力及板载资源相对有限的八位及十六位低端处理器无疑是一个福音。其中uIP使用C语言编写,使得协议栈的移植简单了很多,并且uIP协议栈的代码大小及对RAM的需求都很小,这就使得性能不高的处理器拥有设备上网能力成为可能。随着uIP的发展,其安全性、可靠性、实时性得到进一步提高,使得我们将网络技术应用到中央空调控制系统成为可能。同时,随着单片机、ARM技术的发展,出现了大量功能齐全、速度高、功耗低、存储容量大的控制器,诸如宏晶的STC系列增强型51单片机及意法半导体的STM32系列基于ARMv7Cortex-M3内核的微控制器。因此,设计出成本低廉、功能齐全的中央空调控制系统成为可能。基于以上分析,本课题旨在研发具有远程监控功能的中央空调控制系统,使得系统大联网在中央空调控制中得以实现。系统主要功能要完成：上位监控软件通过以太网与整个楼宇内所有中央空调温控器末端实现数据互联,使得控制中心可以完成对楼宇内的每个末端进行监测与控制。通过将所有的设备末端最终接入以太网,实现整个中央空调系统的集中监控,提高空调机组的使用效率,从而实现设备的集中管理,达到节能、高效的目的。控制系统采用多级网络结构：上位机,配有上位软件,完成对整个系统的监控、报表打印、收费管理等,软件采用Visual C++6.0编制,数据库系统采用SQL Server2000;中间站,采用意法半导体STM32系列微控制器与网络控制器ENC28J60,嵌入uIP协议栈,实现设备上网；中继器,采用宏晶STC系列双串口单片机,两路串口一路通过RS485与中间站通信,另一路接入末端网络；温控器,系中央空调系统控制末端,采用宏晶STC系列单片机,控制室内的温度,通过RS485与上层中继器通信。在概述现阶段中央空调控制系统的基础上,文章着重阐述本控制系统设计方案,介绍各控制部分及软硬件结构,分章节阐述设计方法及思路,给出部分原理图及核心控制程序。最后对整个系统进行了总结,指出了系统的现有不足及改进方向。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the improvement of the human living standard, people have more and more demands for the living environment and the office environment. So the concepts of intelligent buildings, intelligent earth, and the Internet of things have emerged. These systems have greatly improved the living environment of human beings with the help of science and technology, especially the intelligent building. The core of a traditional building is to integrate the digital monitoring system, the alarm system, the building intercom system, the entrance guard system, the conference system and so on through the integrated wiring technology, which integrates the system, settlement, management, service and the optimal combination between them to make the building available. The emergence of the central air conditioning system has enriched the concept of intelligent building, promoted the intellectualization of the building, played an important role in the adjustment of the building temperature and environment, and made some contribution to the energy saving and consumption of the building.
While the central air conditioning is improving people's living and office environment, it also causes a little energy consumption. At present, there are still some problems in the use of the central air conditioning system, which is mainly manifested in the decentralized control of the control system, the unrealized network of the whole system, the inability to manage, the office buildings, the government and other office buildings. People often forget to shut down the room air conditioning switch and cause waste of energy. Although a few central air conditioning manufacturers have tried some networked control, the communication is mostly RS485, I2C and so on, the communication distance is limited, the number of terminal and control work can be limited, and the products in the control network are also limited. Most of them are 51 series or their enhanced single chip computers, which also restrict the further expansion of their functions.
With the development of network technology in recent years, people have been interested in connecting various devices to an existing network, such as Ethernet. This intense demand stimulates the streamlined TCP/IP protocol stack such as uIP, LWIP and so on. There is no doubt that the computing processing capability and the limited eight bit and sixteen bit low-end processors are limited to the computing power and the board resource. One of the Gospels. In which uIP is written in the C language, the transplant of the protocol stack is much simpler, and the code size of the uIP protocol stack and the demand for the RAM are small, which makes it possible for a processor with poor performance to have the ability to access the Internet. With the development of uIP, the security, reliability, and real time of the processor are further improved, making me It is possible to apply the network technology to the central air conditioning control system. At the same time, with the development of MCU and ARM technology, a large number of controllers with complete functions, high speed, low power consumption and large storage capacity have been developed, such as macro crystal STC series enhanced 51 singlechip and STM32 series based on ARMv7Cortex-M3 kernel. Therefore, it is possible to design a low cost, fully functional central air conditioning control system.
Based on the above analysis, the purpose of this project is to develop a central air conditioning control system with remote monitoring and control function, which enables the system to be realized in the central air conditioning control. The main functions of the system should be completed: the upper monitoring software interconnects with the end of all central air conditioning thermostat at the end of the whole building. The heart can monitor and control each end of the inner space. Through the end of all the end of the equipment into the Ethernet, the centralized monitoring of the whole central air conditioning system can be realized, the efficiency of the air conditioning unit is improved, and the centralized management of the equipment can be realized, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and high efficiency.
The control system uses multilevel network structure: upper computer, equipped with upper software, complete monitoring of the whole system, report printing, charge management and so on. The software is compiled with Visual C++6.0, the database system uses SQL Server2000, the intermediate station, the STM32 series micro controller and the network controller ENC28J60, embedded uIP protocol stack. Now the equipment is connected to the Internet; the repeater uses the macro crystal STC series double serial MCU, the two serial ports communicate with the intermediate station through RS485, the other access to the terminal network; the temperature controller, the central air conditioning system control end, the macro crystal STC Series MCU, control the temperature in the room, and communicate with the upper relay through the RS485.
On the basis of summarizing the central air conditioning control system at present, the article focuses on the design scheme of this control system, introduces the control parts and the structure of hardware and software, expounds the design methods and ideas in chapters, and gives some principles and core control programs. Finally, it summarizes the whole system and points out the shortcomings and improvement of the system. Direction.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP277;TP368.1

【参考文献】