计算机系统体系结构的层次设计

发布时间：2018-05-18 02:10

本文选题：计算机系统 + 体系结构　；参考：《计算机学报》2017年09期

【摘要】：计算机系统由许多连通的层和子系统组成,这些层和子系统的交互模式复杂,整体体系结构设计尤为重要.在计算机系统体系结构演变的过程中形成了一些基本设计原理,其中层次设计是设计大规模系统体系结构的有效途径.从Dijkstra的工作开始,计算机系统体系结构的层次设计原理已经被提出很长时间,是计算机系统体系结构设计的重要组成部分.它广泛存在于计算机体系结构设计、网络体系结构设计、云计算、网络虚拟化、软件工程以及计算机科学的很多其他分支.计算机科学技术的演变和革新异常频繁,适用范围广的层次设计模型框架和层次设计方法尤为重要.虽然有不少工作对体系结构层次设计进行研究,但很少有工作对层次设计原则和方法的内涵进行探索,同时缺少统一的层次设计模型框架和评价指标.现有工作的不足主要表现为:(1)对计算机系统层次设计的描述通常是非形式化阐述;(2)现有的层次设计分析以具体系统和应用分析为主,缺少对层次设计机制内涵的理解分析;(3)现有层次设计模型主要局限于所研究的对象系统,缺少统一的层次设计模型框架和评价指标.针对计算机系统层次结构设计的上述不足,该文首先给出了层次设计相关的基本概念及其形式化定义,然后对层次设计研究现状从层次模型设计、层次构件设计、层次跨层设计和层次覆盖设计四个方面进行归类综述.层次模型设计主要包含层次描述模型和层次量化模型,对层次结构针对对象系统特征进行数学描述和推导;层次构件设计将层次结构的某一子结构以单一或较少模块抽象来实现;层次跨层设计是指打破既定层次结构,根据特定需求生成新的层间交互关系;层次覆盖主要是指以虚拟节点和逻辑连接构成的灵活的虚拟平面设计.在此基础上,对层次设计的内涵、设计原则、主要机制和设计路径进行探究和归纳.该文认为简化和效率是计算机系统体系结构层次设计的两个设计原则,抽象和虚拟是支撑设计原则的两个设计机制.相应地,该文给出计算机系统体系结构层次设计复杂性和性能的模型评价框架,得到一些基本定理.该文还对超级计算机系统、软件定义网络和云计算三个层次设计经典系统例子进行讨论,并在文章的结尾对计算机系统体系结构层次设计的进一步研究进行展望.
[Abstract]:The computer system is composed of many connected layers and subsystems. The interaction patterns of these layers and subsystems are complex, so it is very important to design the whole architecture. During the evolution of computer system architecture, some basic design principles have been formed, among which hierarchical design is an effective way to design large-scale system architecture. Since the work of Dijkstra, the principle of hierarchical design of computer system architecture has been put forward for a long time, which is an important part of computer system architecture design. It is widely used in computer architecture design, network architecture design, cloud computing, network virtualization, software engineering and many other branches of computer science. The evolution and innovation of computer science and technology are very frequent, so it is very important to apply the framework of hierarchical design model and the method of hierarchical design. Although there is a lot of work to study the hierarchical design of architecture, there is little work to explore the connotation of the principles and methods of hierarchical design, and there is a lack of unified hierarchical design model framework and evaluation index. The main deficiency of the present work is that the description of computer system hierarchy design is usually not formalized. 2) the existing hierarchical design analysis is based on concrete system and application analysis. Lack of understanding and Analysis of the connotation of hierarchical Design Mechanism the existing hierarchical design model is mainly limited to the object system studied, and lacks a unified hierarchical design model framework and evaluation index. In view of the above shortcomings of hierarchical design of computer systems, this paper first gives the basic concepts and formal definitions of hierarchical design, and then studies the present situation of hierarchical design from the aspects of hierarchical model design, hierarchical component design, and so on. This paper summarizes four aspects of hierarchical cross-layer design and hierarchical coverage design. The hierarchical model design mainly includes the hierarchical description model and the hierarchical quantization model. The hierarchical structure is mathematically described and deduced according to the characteristics of the object system. Hierarchical component design abstracts a certain sub-structure of the hierarchy as a single or fewer modules, and hierarchical cross-layer design means to break down the established hierarchy and generate new interlayer interactions according to specific requirements. Hierarchical coverage is a flexible virtual plane design composed of virtual nodes and logical connections. On this basis, the connotation, design principle, main mechanism and design path of hierarchical design are explored and summarized. This paper holds that simplification and efficiency are two design principles in the hierarchical design of computer system architecture, and abstract and virtual are the two design mechanisms supporting the design principles. Accordingly, a model evaluation framework for the complexity and performance of hierarchical design of computer system architecture is presented, and some basic theorems are obtained. This paper also discusses the classic design examples of supercomputer system, software-defined network and cloud computing. At the end of the paper, the further research on the hierarchical design of computer system architecture is prospected.
【作者单位】：清华大学计算机科学与技术系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(61472199) 清华大学自主科研项目(20121087999)资助~~
【分类号】：TP303

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