嵌入式车载计算机通信设备的设计与开发

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:03

本文选题：嵌入式系统 + 列车通信网络　；参考：《北京交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：为实时、可靠地对TCN运行情况进行监控,目前实际列车通信设备中往往设置车载计算机作为其核心。嵌入式系统是控制、监视或者辅助控制设备运行的系统,它是软件和硬件的结合体,适用于像车载计算机应用系统这样对功能、可靠性、体积和功耗要求都比较严格的专用计算机系统。国外对列车通信设备的开发技术相对成熟,已经实现了嵌入式车载计算机与TCN技术的结合,且正形成垄断态势。而国内对该项技术的研究起步较晚,开发应用较少,尚需搭建实验平台,开发出具有自主知识产权的设备产品,以增强国际竞争力并推动我国列车通信网络的建设。 VME总线是嵌入式系统常用的板级通信总线。本文以实现VME的板级通信为切入点,搭建了嵌入式计算机与TCN网络MVB层的互联系统,使得该通信设备具有MVB网络接口功能。因为实验室的MVB技术成熟,所以研究工作主要围绕嵌入式系统主控单元和VME总线接口展开。嵌入式系统主控单元是基于Power PC处理器MPC8245,在VxWorks操作系统中对开发板自下向上进行了二次开发,以满足硬软件实际的接口和功能需求。硬件上设计并制作了与开发板匹配的接口板,软件上在Tornado2.2环境中开发了Vx Works操作系统下适用于硬件的底层BSP,并开发顶层应用程序,通过测试对串口、以太网、VME总线访问、实时时钟和看门狗等各个单元模块进行了验证。全自主研发具有MVB接口的3U通信板卡,完成硬件设计和部分软件设计：VME逻辑接口功能采用Verilog HDL硬件语言在FPGA上开发,实现A16/D16模式数据交换；MVB网络设备功能采用FPGA+NiosII软核处理器的方式,移植了实验室自主研发的MVBC内核,并在顶层设计了配合上位机对MVB网络数据进行读写的应用程序。在上述研究成果的基础上,结合实验室现有的MVB设备进行了符合现场应用的电气中距离的组网实验。根据通信设备实际需求,在VC++6.0环境下开发了基于以太网通信的上位机软件。在实验中,使用上位机经由主控单元对MVB网络设备进行配置,并通过VME总线读写网络数据,验证了方案可行性。最后,总结了论文中所涉及工作的重点成果,指出了本系统中有待继续完善的技术点,并对列车网络通信设备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。
[Abstract]:In order to monitor the operation of TCN in real time and reliably, the onboard computer is often set as the core of the actual train communication equipment. An embedded system is a system that controls, monitors or adjusts the operation of a device. It is a combination of software and hardware, and is suitable for functions and reliability such as the onboard computer application system. Special computer system with strict requirements for volume and power consumption. The development technology of train communication equipment in foreign countries is relatively mature, which has realized the combination of embedded on-board computer and TCN technology, and is forming a monopoly situation. However, the domestic research on this technology starts late, and its development and application are few, so it is necessary to build an experimental platform and develop the equipment products with independent intellectual property rights in order to enhance the international competitiveness and promote the construction of the train communication network in our country. VME bus is a board-level communication bus commonly used in embedded system. In order to realize the board level communication of VME, this paper sets up an interconnecting system between embedded computer and TCN network MVB layer, which makes the communication device have the function of MVB network interface. Because the MVB technology of the laboratory is mature, the research work mainly revolves around the embedded system master control unit and the VME bus interface. The main control unit of embedded system is based on Power PC processor MPC8245. The development board is redeveloped from the bottom up in the VxWorks operating system to meet the actual interface and function requirements of hardware and software. The interface board matching with the development board is designed and made on the hardware. In the software, the underlying BSPs suitable for the hardware under VX Works operating system are developed in the Tornado2.2 environment, and the top-level application program is developed. Through testing, the serial port, Ethernet and VME bus are accessed. The real-time clock and watchdog modules are verified. A 3U communication board with MVB interface is developed independently. The hardware design and part of software design are completed. The logic interface function of MVB is developed on FPGA with Verilog HDL hardware language. In order to realize the function of A16/D16 mode data exchange device, the FPGA NiosII soft core processor is used to transplant the MVBC kernel developed independently by the laboratory, and an application program is designed to read and write the MVB network data in cooperation with the host computer at the top level. On the basis of the above research results, combined with the existing MVB equipment in the laboratory, the electric middle distance networking experiment is carried out in accordance with the field application. According to the actual requirements of communication equipment, the upper computer software based on Ethernet communication is developed in VC 6.0 environment. In the experiment, the upper computer is used to configure the MVB network equipment through the master control unit, and the network data is read and written through the VME bus, which verifies the feasibility of the scheme. Finally, the paper summarizes the key achievements of the work involved in the paper, points out the technical points to be further improved in this system, and prospects the development trend of the train network communication equipment technology.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP368.1;TN915.05

【参考文献】