VxWorks系统在虚拟机下的实现与应用

发布时间：2018-05-26 15:32

本文选题：嵌入式实时操作系统 + VxWorks　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪80年代初，美国风河公司（Wind River）专门为嵌入式的微处理器，研发了一款实时多任务操作系统，这款系统具有模块化高以及性能高等特点，这款操作系统就是VxWorks操作系统，从面世以来，在多个关键行业被广泛的使用和验证，这其中包括通信、航天、军事等等。 VxWorks系统适用于各种体系结构的硬件，其中当然包括日常到处能够接触到的PC体系结构。VxWorks系统的实时特性是指，在开发者规定的时间里，将规定的功能都执行结束，同时一旦有外部来的异步事件，也能够在这个规定的时间里做出响应。嵌入式系统通常来说调试方法是通过PC(宿主机)上的集成开发环境，交叉编译针对指定电路板(或者目标机)的程序，然后将编译好的程序通过目标机的接口（JTAG、串口或网口等途径）下载到目标机上运行。正因为这样，为了建立一个完整的嵌入式系统应用环境，具有一台包括CPU、存储器及I/O电路(构造完整的计算机系统)的目标机通常来说是必不可少的。但往往来说，不是所有的程序员都能拥有一块现成的目标板。若在这种情况下，如何才能够建立出一个模拟的开发系统，这个系统的效果就和具有完全真实的目标板一样呢？虚拟机（Virtual Machine）通常是指通过软件自身模拟出来具有完全的硬件系统功能的、能够在完全隔离环境中运行的一个完整的计算机系统。利用虚拟机软件，能够在一台真实的计算机上模拟出来一台或数台虚拟的计算机系统，这些模拟出来的虚拟机可以像真正的计算机一样的工作和运行软件。在常用的虚拟机软件中又以软件VMware的应用最为广泛。通过虚拟机软件VMware，完全能够建立基于Intel CPU的虚拟计算机系统平台，其中包括BIOS、CPU、硬盘以及其他的硬件外围设备等。本文将介绍如何在VMware软件提供的虚拟环境上成功安装VxWorks操作系统，由于可以在一台计算机上建立完整的VxWorks系统开发环境，所以这样一来能够有效的降低在项目初期不具备硬件平台时的开发成本。本文主要从以下几个方面进行阐述： (1)嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado介绍，对VxWorks的特点、与通用操作系统的比较、模块进行了分析，，对Tornado开发环境的主要应用工具都进行了介绍； (2)利用VMware软件模拟真实的目标机，对VMware软件的原理、安装进行了介绍，如何建立不同加载方式的虚拟系统，包括网络加载和硬盘加载方式，对这两种不同类型虚拟机的设置分别做了说明； (3)对网卡驱动程序进行修改，根据用户需求修改配置文件，构建VMware虚拟PC上VxWorks BSP包，利用虚拟软驱工具制作引导磁盘，建立Bootrom引导文件和映像文件； (4)修改Tornado相关设置，配置FTP服务器，连接宿主机与目标机，建立调试通道，并且通过运行自己编译的一个小程序来验证调试通道的正常与否； (5)在虚拟机环境下实现串行通讯以及对画面的设计开发等工作，使虚拟系统能够达到设计的预期目标，能够在一台计算机上建立完整的VxWorks系统开发环境。
[Abstract]:In the early 80s of the last century, the America Wind River Corporation (Wind River) developed a real-time multitasking operating system specially for embedded microprocessors. This system is characterized by high modularity and high performance. This operating system is the VxWorks operating system, which is widely used and verified in several key industries. It includes communication, space, military and so on.
The VxWorks system is suitable for various architecture hardware, including, of course, the real-time features of the PC architecture.VxWorks system that can be exposed to every day, which means that the specified functions are executed at the time specified by the developer, and the asynchronous events from the outside can make a response in this specified time. It should.
Embedded systems usually debug through the integrated development environment on the PC (host host), cross compiling programs for the specified circuit board (or target), and then downloading the compiled program through the target's interface (JTAG, serial port or network port) to run on the target machine. Embedded system application environment is usually necessary for a target machine including CPU, memory and I/O circuit.
But often, not all programmers can have a ready-made target board. In this case, how can we build an analog development system that is the same as a completely real target board?
Virtual Machine (virtual machine) is usually a complete computer system capable of running in a completely isolated environment through the simulation of the software itself. Using the virtual machine software, one or a number of virtual computer systems can be simulated on a real computer, which are simulated. The virtual machine can work and run like a real computer. In the commonly used virtual machine software, the application of software VMware is the most widely used.
Through the virtual machine software VMware, the virtual computer system platform based on Intel CPU is completely built, including BIOS, CPU, hard disk and other hardware peripherals. This article will introduce how to successfully install the VxWorks operating system in the virtual environment provided by VMware software, because the complete VxW can be built on a computer. Orks system development environment, so it can effectively reduce the development cost of hardware platform at the beginning of the project.
This article mainly expounds from the following aspects:
(1) the embedded real time operating system VxWorks and its development environment Tornado are introduced. The characteristics of VxWorks, the comparison with the general operating system, the module are analyzed, and the main application tools of the Tornado development environment are introduced.
(2) using VMware software to simulate the real target machine, introduce the principle and installation of VMware software, how to establish different loading mode virtual systems, including network loading and hard disk loading mode, and explain the setting of the two different types of virtual machines respectively.
(3) modify the driver of the network card, modify the configuration file according to the user's needs, construct the VxWorks BSP packet on the VMware virtual PC, make the boot disk by using the virtual floppy drive tool, and establish the Bootrom boot file and image file.
(4) modify the Tornado related settings, configure the FTP server, connect the host and the target machine, establish the debug channel, and verify the normal of the debug channel by running a small program compiled by you.
(5) the implementation of the serial communication and the design and development of the picture in the virtual machine environment makes the virtual system achieve the intended target of the design, and can establish a complete VxWorks system development environment on a computer.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP302;TP316.2

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