固态量子信息处理和离子阱量子模拟

发布时间：2018-06-02 11:36

本文选题：量子信息处理 + 量子模拟　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院(武汉物理与数学研究所)》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：量子计算和量子信息学科利用量子力学规律表示和操作信息,其能力远远超过了传统的经典信息处理方式,表现出巨大的潜在应用,从而引发了人们对此领域的研究。在目前实现量子计算和量子信息的各种体系中,固态体系如掺杂富勒烯等由于具有相当长的相干时间而成为实现量子信息处理的物理载体之一。然而,受到实验条件的限制,量子计算虽然理论和实验上都取得了很大的突破,但实现一台普适的量子计算机仍然面临难以克服的实验挑战。为了能够在当前技术水平上构建这样一台设备,它不像量子计算机那样复杂又能执行一些经典上无法完成的任务,研究者对量子模拟开展了大量的研究,并试图建造量子模拟机。本文基于现有的实验水平,设计了固态体系以及组合体系中实现量子信息处理的方案和量子算法的实现,研究了基于离子阱系统的量子模拟。具体内容如下： ◆在固态掺杂富勒烯体系,提出了利用光学方法和微波操作实现远距离电子比特的纠缠进而实现分布式量子信息处理的方案。该方案在微型腔和线性元件的辅助下实现快速的光学操作,并比常规的最近邻耦合纠缠富勒烯电子自旋的方法成本低。此外,利用直接方法和间接方法还提出了掺杂富勒烯电子自旋cluster态的制备方案,并分析了可扩展性。 ◆双轨编码可以形成一类免退相干子空间(decoherence-free subspace,简称DFS),从而可以有效地抵制集体相位涨落引起的退相干。在低-Q腔QED中,我们利用DFS编码理论具体设计了多比特Grover搜索算法的实现方案。 ◆囚禁离子系统处于真空洁净环境以及可以高度控制离子的内外态,是量子物理学中最有前途的量子模拟平台之一。我们利用外磁场梯度作用下的单个囚禁离子探索了Franck-Condon物理,这也是首次在真正的单粒子系统中来研究Franck-Condon原理。接着,对于线性离子阱中的一串离子,我们采用全局操作,在横场--伊辛模型和非线性相互作用模型下分别讨论了如何实现海森堡极限的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,在离子阱体系精密测量方面具有潜在的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Quantum computing and quantum information science express and operate information by using quantum mechanics law, its ability is far more than the traditional classical information processing methods, showing a huge potential application, which has caused people to study this field. Among the systems that realize quantum computation and quantum information, solid-state systems, such as doped fullerene, have become one of the physical carriers for quantum information processing because of their long coherent time. However, due to the limitations of experimental conditions, quantum computing has made great breakthroughs in theory and experiment, but the realization of a universal quantum computer is still faced with insurmountable experimental challenges. In order to be able to build such a device at the current technological level, which is not as complex as a quantum computer and can perform tasks that can't be done in a classical way, researchers have carried out a great deal of research on quantum simulation. And trying to build a quantum simulator. Based on the existing experimental level, the quantum information processing scheme and quantum algorithm in solid-state system and composite system are designed, and the quantum simulation based on ion trap system is studied. The details are as follows: In the solid-state doped fullerene system, a scheme of distributed quantum information processing using optical method and microwave operation is proposed to realize the entanglement of long distance electronic bits. The proposed scheme achieves fast optical operation with the aid of microcavity and linear elements and is less expensive than the conventional nearest-neighbor coupled entangled fullerene electron spin method. In addition, direct and indirect methods are used to prepare the electron spin cluster states of fullerene doped, and the extensibility is analyzed. Dual-track coding can form a class of decoherence-free subspace without decoherence, which can effectively resist the decoherence caused by collective phase fluctuations. In the low Q cavity QED, we use the DFS coding theory to design a multi-bit Grover search algorithm. The trapped ion system is one of the most promising quantum simulation platforms in quantum physics because it is in a vacuum clean environment and can be highly controlled by the internal and external states of ions. We have explored the Franck-Condon physics by using a single trapped ion under the external magnetic field gradient, which is the first time to study the Franck-Condon principle in a real single-particle system. Then, for a series of ions in the linear ion trap, we use the global operation to discuss how to realize the Heisenberg limit Mach-Zehnder interferometer under the transverse field-Ising model and the nonlinear interaction model, respectively. It has potential application value in precision measurement of ion trap system.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(武汉物理与数学研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：O413.1;TP38

【共引文献】