基于DSP和USB的高速数据采集系统设计

发布时间：2018-06-04 09:29

本文选题：数据采集 + 声发射　；参考：《重庆大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：该论文通过采集机械设备加工过程中产生的声发射信号，实时的对这些信号进行分析处理，可以诊断机械设备的故障和对机械设备的运行状态做出实时的监测。设计了一种以DSP和USB为核心的实时高速的声发射信号采集系统。本文首先阐述了基于DSP和USB的高速数据采集系统的应用原理，根据本系统的要求和功能设计了系统的结构框架，主要由信号采集模块、分析处理模块、数据传输模块、显示存储模块等主要模块组成。根据各个模块的技术特点，提出了相应的功能需求。在硬件设计方面，采用模块化的设计思想，分别设计了信号采集模块、分析处理模块、数据传输模块的硬件电路。其中，采集模块包括声发射传感器、前置放大器、主放大器、AD转换器。分析处理模块中，选择了DSP为核心处理器，，并设计了相关外围电路，主要包含电源、时钟、复位、JTAG接口以及外扩存储器电路。传输模块是整个系统与PC主机的接口部分，以USB为核心的传输芯片，通过USB2.0协议，实现了把分析处理后的数据从DSP，经过USB上传到PC主机。在软件设计方面，主要进行了DSP程序设计、USB的固件设计和驱动程序设计、应用程序设计。DSP程序设计主要介绍了DSP的开发环境、DSP的初始化、对信号的滤波、变换标度以及特征信息提取。本论文还详细介绍了USB的固件框架，驱动程序模型以及用户应用程序设计的过程。根据系统特点，分析了系统形成干扰的原因，并提出了相应的抗干扰技术，详细阐述了硬件抗干扰技术和软件抗干扰技术的设计方案。最后，进行了声发射采集系统的磨削监控试验，选择了数控磨削系统为试验平台，通过磨削监控试验证实了以AE信号作为监控磨削状态的可行性。并根据试验结果确定了用于监控磨削状态的AE振铃计数与均方根阈值，通过实际磨削试验表明利用所研制的声发射采集监控系统进行机床反馈控制是可行的。
[Abstract]:By collecting the acoustic emission signals produced in the machining process of mechanical equipment and analyzing and processing these signals in real time, this paper can diagnose the fault of mechanical equipment and monitor the running state of mechanical equipment in real time. A real-time and high-speed acoustic emission signal acquisition system based on DSP and USB is designed. In this paper, the application principle of high-speed data acquisition system based on DSP and USB is introduced. According to the requirements and functions of the system, the structure of the system is designed, which is mainly composed of signal acquisition module, analysis processing module and data transmission module. Display storage module and other main modules. According to the technical characteristics of each module, the corresponding functional requirements are put forward. In the aspect of hardware design, the hardware circuits of signal acquisition module, analysis and processing module and data transmission module are designed using modular design idea. The acquisition module includes acoustic emission sensor, preamplifier, main amplifier and AD converter. In the analysis and processing module, DSP is selected as the core processor, and the related peripheral circuits are designed, including power supply, clock, reset JTAG interface and external memory circuit. The transmission module is the interface part of the whole system and PC host. The transmission chip with USB as the core realizes the analysis and processing data from DSP and uploads it to PC host through USB. In the aspect of software design, the firmware design and driver program design of DSP are mainly carried out. The application program design. DSP program design mainly introduces the initialization of DSP development environment and the filtering of signal. Transform scale and feature information extraction. This paper also introduces the firmware framework of USB, driver model and the process of user application design in detail. According to the characteristics of the system, the causes of interference are analyzed, and the corresponding anti-interference technology is put forward, and the design scheme of hardware anti-jamming technology and software anti-jamming technology is described in detail. Finally, the grinding monitoring test of acoustic emission acquisition system is carried out, and the CNC grinding system is selected as the test platform. The feasibility of using AE signal as the monitoring grinding state is proved by the grinding monitoring test. According to the experimental results, the AE ring count and root mean square threshold used to monitor grinding state are determined. The experimental results show that it is feasible to use the developed acoustic emission acquisition and monitoring system for machine tool feedback control.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP274.2;TP368.1

【参考文献】