基于ARM处理器的嵌入式Linux系统关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 05:11

本文选题：嵌入式系统 + ARM　；参考：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着计算机技术、微处理器技术和集成电路技术的发展，嵌入式系统已成为二十一世纪计算机应用领域中一个重要组成部分。Linux操作系统因其源代码开放、内核稳定高效、支持广泛的处理器结构和硬件平台、可定制性好等特点，特别是Linux2.6内核的快速发展，，嵌入式Linux已经在嵌入式领域的应用越来越广泛。以32位IP核为基础的ARM嵌入式处理器，具有高性能、低功耗等特点已得到最广泛的应用，并且占据着32位嵌入式微处理器的绝大多数市场份额。嵌入式Linux与ARM处理器的结合，更是嵌入式技术领域一种主流的解决方案。在ARM处理器上构建嵌入式Linux系统具有巨大的实用价值。嵌入式系统是由硬件和软件相结合组成的具有特定功能、用于特定场合的独立系统。嵌入式系统在体积、功耗和成本等方面的特殊要求，决定了在设计和开发嵌入式系统时必须根据硬件和应用需求量身定制其软件系统。一个典型的嵌入式系统软件部分通常由Bootloader、嵌入式操作系统内核和根文件系统三个基本部分构成。嵌入式系统开发过程中必须结合硬件和应用需求对三个基本部分进行合理的设计和配置，以达到在特定硬件环境下构建满足应用要求的软件系统的目的。本论文研究和探讨了基于ARM处理器的嵌入式Linux系统的关键技术。论文首先研究了嵌入式Linux系统交叉编译环境的构建，使用Crosstool脚本工具实现一次性编译生成交叉编译工具链；然后详细分析了系统引导程序Bootloader的实现原理，研究了课题所使用的U-Boot的结构和实现，扩展了嵌入式Linux的引导方式；接下来详细讨论了Linux2.6内核源代码树的结构，确定需要修改和裁剪的模块与文件。针对目前较新的2.6版Linux内核源码进行配置、编译和移植；最后研究了嵌入式Linux系统根文件系统的创建，制作了一个基于Cramfs的文件系统作为嵌入式系统的根文件系统，并使用BusyBox和μClibc缩小了根文件系统的大小。通过使用本论文讨论的方法和技巧能够方便快捷的构建一个基于ARM的嵌入式Linux系统。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology, microprocessor technology and integrated circuit technology, embedded system has become an important part of computer application field in 21 century. It supports a wide range of processor architectures and hardware platforms and has good customizability. Especially with the rapid development of the Linux2.6 kernel embedded Linux has been used more and more widely in the embedded field. ARM embedded processor based on 32-bit IP core has been widely used in many fields, such as high performance and low power consumption, and it occupies most of the market share of 32-bit embedded microprocessor. The combination of embedded Linux and ARM processor is a mainstream solution in the field of embedded technology. It is of great practical value to build embedded Linux system on ARM processor. Embedded system is an independent system which is composed of hardware and software. The special requirements of embedded system in volume, power consumption and cost determine that the software system must be customized according to the requirement of hardware and application when designing and developing embedded system. A typical embedded system software is usually composed of three basic parts: Bootloader, embedded operating system kernel and root file system. In the process of embedded system development, three basic parts must be reasonably designed and configured in combination with hardware and application requirements to achieve the purpose of building software system that meets the requirements of application in a specific hardware environment. This paper studies and discusses the key technology of embedded Linux system based on ARM processor. This paper first studies the construction of cross-compiling environment of embedded Linux system, and uses Crosstool script tool to realize one-off compiling and generating cross-compiling tool chain, and then analyzes the implementation principle of system bootstrap Bootloader in detail. This paper studies the structure and implementation of the U-Boot used in the project, and extends the boot mode of embedded Linux. Then, the structure of the Linux2.6 kernel source tree is discussed in detail, and the modules and files that need to be modified and clipped are determined. The source code of Linux kernel of version 2.6 is configured, compiled and transplanted. Finally, the creation of root file system of embedded Linux system is studied, and a file system based on Cramfs is developed as the root file system of embedded system. And using BusyBox and 渭 Clibc to reduce the size of the root file system. By using the methods and techniques discussed in this paper, an embedded Linux system based on ARM can be constructed conveniently and quickly.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP368.1

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