PCB打印机图形光栅化质量改进方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 23:38

【摘要】：随着科技的进步和电子产品的普及，印制电路板（printed circuit board，PCB）在当今的电子产品中已成为不可或缺的一部分。传统的PCB制作一般采用加成法，，不仅工序流程复杂、原材料消耗大，并且产生的废水废弃物对环境造成了极大地危害；另外，由于受到生产模式的制约，传统的PCB生产方式在制造精度上也存在着无法克服的问题。PCB喷墨打印技术在缩短生产周期、降低生产成本、提高生产精度、减少环境污染等方面具有诸多优势，逐渐成为PCB生产的主流。近年来，采用喷墨打印技术的PCB喷墨打印机的研究也日趋成熟，已经逐渐应用到PCB的生产制造中。图形光栅化在PCB喷墨打印机中占据着重要的位置，研究PCB打印机图形光栅化质量改进方法对于提高PCB的制造精度具有重大意义。该文首先介绍了PCB打印机图形光栅化过程中的理论和方法，包括Gerber文件解析、基本图形的光栅化算法和反走样技术；其次，着重研究了直线和圆的光栅化算法。利用直线关于中心点的对称性以及直线上像素点之间的相关性，对直线的Bresenham算法进行了改进，使得算法每执行一次，就能生成关于直线中心点对称的两行像素点，提高了直线的生成速度。为了提高直线的生成质量，在改进的Bresenham算法的基础上，引入了半球形滤波器算法，使得直线上的相邻像素点的灰度值过度更加平缓，减轻了直线的锯齿状现象。针对圆的对称性，采用了八分圆的画圆思想，引入了圆的双步生成概念，对圆的Bresenham算法进行了改进，使得算法每执行一次能生成圆上的两个像素点，提高了圆的生成速度。基于改进的双步画圆算法，提出了反走样算法，该算法能够根据圆的每个边界像素点在圆内的面积，确定它们相应的灰度值，使得生成的圆的平滑性更好，图形质量提高。最后，基于以上研究，设计并实现了PCB打印机图形光栅化系统，并经实验验证了上述改进光栅化算法的正确性，即能有效的提高图形光栅化的速度和质量。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and the popularization of electronic products, printed circuit board (printed circuit) has become an indispensable part of electronic products. The traditional PCB manufacturing generally adopts addition method, not only the process is complex, the raw material consumption is large, and the waste water produced has caused great harm to the environment, in addition, because of the restriction of the production mode, The traditional PCB production mode also has some problems in manufacturing precision. PCB inkjet printing technology has many advantages in shortening production cycle, reducing production cost, improving production accuracy, reducing environmental pollution and so on. Gradually become the mainstream of PCB production. In recent years, the research of PCB inkjet printer using inkjet printing technology has become more and more mature, and has been gradually applied to PCB manufacturing. Graphic rasterization occupies an important position in PCB inkjet printers. It is of great significance to improve the quality of PCB printer graphics rasterization. This paper first introduces the theory and method of graphic rasterization of PCB printer, including Gerber file analysis, rasterization algorithm of basic graphics and anti-aliasing technology. Secondly, the rasterization algorithm of straight line and circle is studied emphatically. The Bresenham algorithm of a straight line is improved by using the symmetry of the center point of the line and the correlation between the pixels on the line, so that the algorithm can generate two rows of pixels about the symmetry of the center point of the line every time the algorithm is executed. The speed of generating straight line is improved. In order to improve the quality of straight line generation, the hemispherical filter algorithm is introduced on the basis of the improved Bresenham algorithm, which makes the gray value of adjacent pixels on the line more smooth and reduces the jagged phenomenon of the line. Aiming at the symmetry of a circle, the idea of drawing a circle with eight parts is adopted, the concept of double step generation of circle is introduced, and the Bresenham algorithm of circle is improved, so that two pixels on the circle can be generated every time the algorithm is executed, and the speed of circle generation is improved. Based on the improved two-step circle drawing algorithm, an anti-aliasing algorithm is proposed, which can determine the corresponding gray values according to the area of each edge pixel in the circle, which makes the generated circle smoother and the graphics quality improved. Finally, based on the above research, the graphic rasterization system of PCB printer is designed and implemented, and the correctness of the improved rasterization algorithm is verified by experiments, that is, the speed and quality of graphics rasterization can be improved effectively.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP334.8

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