野外探险救助信息采集技术的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-08-19 13:23

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的提高，野外登山探险活动逐渐增多，，随之而来的野外遇险事件频发，急需一种能够实时提供佩戴者生理信息、方向和姿态等信息的监护设备来对野外探险人员进行监测和预警。本文针对野外探险救助信息采集这一市场需求，对野外探险救助关键信息采集技术进行了研究，自主设计了应用于野外探险环境的新型动态电子血压计和数字指南针，并以二者为核心，简单搭建了野外探险救助信息监测仪。论文首先以野外信息监测和远程医疗监护为背景，介绍了国内外野外信息监测领域技术的发展现状和背景，论述研究野外探险信息采集技术的必要性与现实意义。其次，详细介绍了关键信号采集技术的各种实现方案，并在对比各方案优缺点后结合课题背景，提出本文关键信号采集方案。对于本课题而言，需要采集的关键信号主要包括血压、心率、运动方向和运动姿态等。其中血压和心率信号属于人体生理信号，通过采集体表信号经过计算获取，由动态电子血压计来实现；运动方向和运动姿态主要由方向和姿态信息监测模块即高精度电子指南针来实现。动态电子血压计选择基于脉搏波传输速度测量血压法来设计，而高精度数字指南针决定以地磁导航为理论基础。然后，讲述了动态血压计和数字指南针的软硬件设计过程及设计过程中遇到的各种困难与解决途径。脉搏波信号的稳定采集及信号相位差的计算是动态血压计设计的主要困难，在对比各种压敏传感器材料后，最终选用PVDF膜作为脉搏信号采集材料，创新性的设计了差分脉搏波传感器；指南针基于地磁导航理论，去除软硬铁干扰提高精度是其设计难点，最终依靠自校准算法将其精度提高到2°以内。最后，以无创动态血压计和三轴数字指南针为基础，结合ARM嵌入式开发平台，设计了野外探险救助信息监测仪。在以S3C2440为核心处理器的嵌入式平台上，完成了图形化界面的设计、菜单的叠加及各个模块之间实时数据的通信，并设计了数据传输格式与接口，为将来实现远程通信打下基础。系统实现了关键模块的自主设计，极大的降低了整体设计成本；采用了先进的前端信号采集方案和合适的数字信号处理算法，保证了测量参数的精确度和实时性；选用了恰当的嵌入式平台做到了动态数字化实时输出且具有友善的人机交互界面；设计了完善的数据输出格式和硬件接口，为将来进一步实现无线传输，组建野外救助监护网络打下了良好的基础。项目针对民用野外探险监护这一特定领域，无论是系统整体还是电子血压计和数字指南针两个独立模块都具有良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the activities of field mountaineering and exploration are increasing gradually. With the frequent occurrence of accidents in the field, there is an urgent need for a kind of real-time physiological information for the wearer. Monitoring equipment for direction and attitude information to monitor and alert field explorers. In order to meet the market demand of field exploration and rescue information collection, this paper studies the key information collection technology of field exploration rescue, and designs a new dynamic electronic sphygmomanometer and a digital compass which can be used in the field exploration environment. Taking both as the core, the information monitor of field exploration and rescue is built simply. Firstly, based on the background of field information monitoring and telemedicine monitoring, this paper introduces the development status and background of field information monitoring technology at home and abroad, and discusses the necessity and practical significance of studying field exploration information collection technology. Secondly, the realization of key signal acquisition technology is introduced in detail, and after comparing the merits and demerits of each scheme, a key signal acquisition scheme is put forward in this paper. For this subject, the key signals to be collected include blood pressure, heart rate, movement direction and posture. The signals of blood pressure and heart rate belong to the physiological signals of human body, which are obtained by collecting body surface signals through calculation and realized by dynamic electronic sphygmomanometer. The direction and attitude of motion are mainly realized by the monitoring module of direction and attitude information, that is, the high precision electronic compass. Dynamic electronic sphygmomanometer is designed based on pulse wave velocity measurement of blood pressure, while high precision digital compass is based on geomagnetic navigation theory. Then, the software and hardware design process of dynamic sphygmomanometer and digital compass are described. The stable acquisition of pulse wave signal and the calculation of signal phase difference are the main difficulties in the design of dynamic sphygmomanometer. After comparing all kinds of varistor materials, the PVDF membrane is used as the pulse signal acquisition material. Based on the geomagnetic navigation theory, it is difficult to improve the precision of the compass based on the geomagnetic navigation theory. Finally, the precision of the compass is improved to less than 2 掳by the self-calibration algorithm. Finally, based on a non-invasive dynamic sphygmomanometer and a three-axis digital compass, a field adventure rescue information monitor is designed based on ARM embedded development platform. On the embedded platform with S3C2440 as the core processor, the design of graphical interface, the superposition of menu and the real-time data communication among various modules are completed, and the format and interface of data transmission are designed, which lays the foundation for the realization of remote communication in the future. The system realizes the independent design of the key module, greatly reduces the overall design cost, and adopts the advanced front-end signal acquisition scheme and the appropriate digital signal processing algorithm to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of the measurement parameters. The proper embedded platform is chosen to achieve dynamic digital real-time output and friendly man-machine interface, and a perfect data output format and hardware interface are designed for further wireless transmission in the future. The establishment of field rescue and monitoring network has laid a good foundation. The project aims at the special field of civil field exploration monitoring. Both the whole system and the two independent modules of electronic sphygmomanometer and digital compass have good application prospects.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP274.2;TP368.1

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