微机CPU芯片液冷材料与冷却效果分析

发布时间：2018-11-07 07:05

【摘要】：现在CPU的散热问题越来越突出。随着电子芯片技术的飞速发展，计算机的CPU芯片呈现高集成化、小型化及高频化的发展趋势，但CPU芯片越来越高的发热量，成为阻碍这一趋势发展的关键因素。CPU芯片更进一步的小型化及集成化发展，使电子元件单位面积产生的热量大幅度的提高，提高散热器散热效率已成为急需解决的问题，而先进的电子芯片散热技术将成为解决这一问题的核心。传统的芯片散热技术受到挑战，风冷技术难以达到更高的散热要求，具有更高散热效果及发展前景的液体散热技术，日益成为国内外研究者的重要课题。液体散热技术是一种非常有效的散热方式，在CPU散热方面也有非常好的表现。国内外对CPU散热问题的研究大多集中于液体散热器的设计和优化上，如热管和微槽道设计等，对于冷却液材料的研究多是关于液态金属这种高价格的材料上。还有就是在有机溶剂中寻找对环境友好、对人危害较小的新型冷却液材料，用以替代污染环境的旧的冷却液，而这一方面的研究主要集中在空调和冰箱这样较强的制冷机器上面。另外在汽车发动机上使用的纳米流体的研究也较多，对纳米流体的研究大多集中在延长纳米颗粒在溶液中的悬浮时间或改良性状、提高导热系数或减小粘度增强流动性等方面，但关于用在CPU散热方面的研究却是很少见到。本文的研究从对液体散热系统的分析和液体散热工质的对比，从散热系统（常用液体散热系统、热管散热系统、液体喷射散热系统）的优缺点和各自用途及从冷却液材料的要求出发，讨论了多种冷却液材料（水、金属液体、纳米流体）的优势和不足之处及其实际效果，并讨论了CPU芯片液冷材料需要具备的特点：良好的导热系数、流动性、高沸点、低冰点、比热容。除此之外，还必须具备对人无毒害、无刺激，对环境友好的特点，具有可持续发展性，并依此设计了一种以甘油为基，添加纯净水进行性状改良的冷却液材料，并对其进行实际测试，发现这种冷却液很好的满足了散热要求。在上述研究结果的基础上，本文得出以下结论： (1)提出了一种廉价且效果突出的甘油基冷却液材料，，以水作为溶剂配制成几组不同浓度的冷却液，进行实际装机测试并进行分析，发现在对散热器的散热效果受到充液量的限制，当充满冷却液的散热效果优于装不满(96%)的； (2)当水作为冷却液材料时，大比热容是让它在实际散热效果中表现不佳的原因，但是较大的比热容又使它具有缓冲温度突变的作用，面对发热体突然大量发热的情况，水可以使发热体的温度缓慢升高，而不至于温度突然升高对发热体造成损伤，并随着冷却液比热容的增大，缓冲效果越来越明显； (3)冷却液的比热容和粘度相互制约，但存在一个平衡点，使得材料在散热效果方面表现优异，比如甘油25%体积浓度的水溶液，既能保证良好的散热效果又可以对温度突变进行缓冲； (4)设计了一种新型的双管道液体散热器，采用双管道使得散热器中可以同时互不干扰的流动两种性能互补的冷却液，既可达到良好的散热效果，又能够保留对温度突变的缓冲效果。
[Abstract]:Now the heat dissipation problem of the CPU is becoming more and more prominent. With the rapid development of the electronic chip technology, the CPU chip of the computer presents the development trend of high integration, miniaturization and high-frequency, but the CPU chip has a higher calorific value and becomes a key factor in the development of this trend. With the further miniaturization and integration development of the CPU chip, the heat generated by the unit area of the electronic component can be greatly improved, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat sink has become an urgent problem, and the advanced electronic chip heat dissipation technology will be the core of solving the problem. The traditional chip heat dissipation technology is challenged, and the air cooling technology is difficult to achieve higher heat dissipation requirements, and the liquid heat dissipation technology with higher heat dissipation effect and development prospect is becoming an important subject of the researchers at home and abroad. The liquid heat dissipation technology is a very effective heat dissipation mode, and it is also very good in the heat dissipation of the CPU The research on the problem of CPU heat dissipation at home and abroad is mainly focused on the design and optimization of liquid radiator, such as the design of heat pipe and micro-channel. In addition, the new type of cooling liquid material which is environment-friendly and less harmful to people is found in the organic solvent to replace the old cooling liquid which pollutes the environment, and the research on the one hand is mainly focused on the relatively strong refrigeration machine of the air conditioner and the refrigerator In addition, the research of the nano-fluid used on the automobile engine is much more, the research on the nano-fluid is mainly focused on the suspension time or the improved character of the nano-particles in the solution, the heat-conducting coefficient or the viscosity-enhancing fluidity, etc. On the other hand, there is little research on the use of heat dissipation in the CPU The research of this paper is from the analysis of the liquid heat dissipation system and the comparison of the liquid heat radiation working medium, and the advantages and disadvantages of the heat dissipation system (the common liquid heat dissipation system, the heat pipe heat dissipation system, the liquid jet heat dissipation system), the respective uses and the cooling liquid materials The advantages and disadvantages of a variety of coolant materials (water, metal liquid, and nano-fluid) and its practical effect are discussed, and the characteristics of the liquid-cooled materials of the CPU chip are discussed. The good thermal conductivity, the fluidity, the high boiling point and the low ice are discussed. In addition, it is necessary to have the characteristics of non-toxic, non-irritating and environment-friendly, and has the characteristics of being environmentally friendly, and has the characteristics of sustainable development, The actual test was performed and it was found that the coolant was well met on the basis of the results of the above-mentioned research, The following conclusions are drawn: (1) A cheap and effective glycerol-based coolant material is proposed, and the water is used as a solvent to prepare several different concentrations of cooling liquid. The actual machine is tested and analyzed, and it is found that the heat dissipation effect on the heat sink is limited by the amount of the charging liquid, and when the heat dissipation effect of the cooling liquid is filled (2) when water is used as a coolant material, the large specific heat capacity is to make it The actual heat dissipation effect is not good, but the larger specific heat capacity makes it have the function of buffer temperature mutation, and the water can cause the temperature of the heating body to rise slowly without the sudden increase of the temperature to the heating body due to the sudden large amount of heat generated by the heating body. Injury, and with the specific heat of the coolant (3) the specific heat capacity and the viscosity of the cooling liquid are mutually restricted, but there is a balance point, so that the material has excellent performance in terms of heat dissipation effect. i. e. an aqueous solution of 25% by volume of glycerol, and (4) a novel double-pipe liquid radiator is designed, The performance is complementary to that of the coolant, which is both good
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP332

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