用于震后救援机械的概念设计

发布时间：2018-01-05 02:06

本文关键词：用于震后救援机械的概念设计　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类改造自然能力的不断提高,势必会造成生态破坏,因此近些年来自然灾害成逐年上升的趋势。世界各地大规模地震时有发生,尤其是在国内最近的两次大地震,造成了极其严重的伤亡。尽管在震后救援的过程中各种工程车辆起了致关重要的作用,但由于其专业化程度不够,而且质量较大且不容易拆装,因此救援效率较低。本文通过对新中国成立后发生的一些大地震伤亡情况的总结,提出一种既能用于震后救援,又能在平时施工时用于起吊建筑物的小型起吊机械。其应用场合主要是农村平房及2-3层小楼房的建筑和救援。最主要的特点是借鉴一些现有工程机械的结构特点,对其进行了各机构的设计。首先,对国内外震后救援机械发展现状进行综述,结合5.12汶川大地震中应用的先进生命探测仪器,分析了生命探测仪器在救援过程中所起的作用,从而指出了今后一段时间救援设备的发展方向及侧重点。为以后更加高效的救援提出了一种轻便高效的起吊设备。其次,根据现有工程机械的一些结构特点对救援机械进行了方案设计,拟定了救援机械的各工作参数,通过查阅相关起重机手册对救援机械的起升机构、变幅机构、回转机构、行走机构以及其他一些辅助装置进行了相应计算,从而对零部件进行了初步选取,为以后进一步设计研究打下了一定的基础。最后,以行走机构为例,结合ADAMS软件中的car模块,通过car模块可以获得模型的动力学参数,定义模型中部件、铰链与弹性元件及外界条件,如道路模型、铁道轮轨模型、空气阻力等的特性,在省略支腿的情况下对前悬挂建立了动力学模型,对动力学模型进行调整与仿真计算。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of human's ability to transform nature, ecological destruction is bound to be caused, so natural disasters have been increasing year by year in recent years. Large scale earthquakes occur from time to time around the world. Especially in the recent two major earthquakes in China, caused extremely serious casualties. Although in the post-earthquake rescue process, all kinds of engineering vehicles played an important role, but its degree of specialization is not enough. And high quality and not easy to disassemble, so the rescue efficiency is low. Based on the summary of the casualties of some major earthquakes after the founding of New China, this paper puts forward a new method which can be used in post-earthquake rescue. The small lifting machinery which can be used for lifting buildings in peacetime is mainly used in the construction and rescue of rural bungalows and small buildings of 2-3 storeys. The most important feature is to draw lessons from the structure of some existing construction machinery. Characteristics. The design of each mechanism is carried out. First of all, the development status of post-earthquake rescue machinery at home and abroad is summarized. Combined with the advanced life detector used in the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, the role of the life detector in the rescue process is analyzed. The development direction and emphasis of rescue equipment in the future are pointed out, and a light and efficient lifting equipment is put forward for more efficient rescue in the future. Secondly, according to some structural characteristics of the existing construction machinery, the rescue machinery is designed, the working parameters of the rescue machinery are worked out, and the lifting mechanism of the rescue machinery is obtained by consulting the relevant crane manual. The corresponding calculation is carried out for the luffing mechanism, the rotary mechanism, the walking mechanism and some other auxiliary devices, and the parts are selected preliminarily, which lays a foundation for the further design and research. Finally, taking the walking mechanism as an example, combined with the car module in ADAMS software, the dynamic parameters of the model can be obtained through the car module, and the components, hinges and elastic elements in the model and the external conditions can be defined. For example, the characteristics of road model, railway wheel-rail model, air resistance and so on, the dynamic model of front suspension is established under the condition of omitting the supporting leg, and the dynamic model is adjusted and simulated.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH122;P315.9

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