高速列车传动齿轮齿廓修形及箱体优化设计
发布时间：2018-07-18 09:34
【摘要】：齿轮传动系统应用于工业和生活的各个领域,是机械传动方式中的重要传动方式之一。在铁路领域,随着高铁的高速发展,列车速度的提高对其中的齿轮传动的平稳性的要求很高,对齿轮的强度要求和其寿命要求严格。我国的高铁有一定的自主研发技术,然而面对高速工作条件,如何进行精确的齿轮修设计,提高高铁齿轮的传动精度,提高承载能力、减小齿面接触力和延长寿命成为高铁领域难点之一,而高铁齿轮箱在高速工况下工作,对结构的疲劳强度要求严格,所以对高铁齿轮箱的结构优化的意义同样重大。本文结合大连理工大学和南车戚墅堰所合作申请的国家支撑计划,提出一套针对高铁斜齿轮的齿廓修形设计方法,通过理论和仿真相结合方法进行齿廓修形参数计算,用动态仿真软件DYNA对设计结果进行验算认证,证明本设计的精准性和科学性,最后对高铁齿轮箱进行结构优化设计,对高铁齿轮和箱体的设计制造意义较大。具体内容如下： 首先对斜齿轮进行模型建立和接触有限元分析,计算了斜齿轮的安全系数,并验证齿轮的在四中工况下的接触强度安全系数和弯曲安全系数都达到高可靠度要求,根据分析需要对齿轮进行修形。介绍了齿轮啮合冲击的原因和齿廓修形三要素的概念,利用理论和有限元相结合的方法计算出启动工况下齿廓修缘量,以及修形长度和修形曲线起始圆半径,并通过MATALAB软件设计出齿廓修形曲线。根据修形曲线在UG中建立了修形齿轮模型。并用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元工具对修形齿轮进行啮合动态仿真,分析齿廓修形三要素对齿面接触力的影响。得出了二次和正弦曲线修形的齿面接触力大小和啮入啮出冲击较小,修形效果较好；当齿顶修形量为0.027mm,顶修形长度为3.5mm时,最大接触力为6865N,比未修形齿轮减小30.0%；并通过计算得到主被动轮齿顶同时修形方式效果差于主动轮齿顶和齿根同时修形方式。这对高铁动车组传动齿轮箱设计有一定的意义。 最后通过对整体齿轮箱进行动力学分析,得到齿轮箱的十阶振型和固有频率,以及在各阶固有频率下齿轮箱各零件的变形,并进一步对齿轮箱外壳进行动力学分析,通过分析结果对齿轮箱外壳进行结构改进设计,最后对改进后的结构进行动力学分析,结果表明变形量比改进前的模型减少,证明了优化方案的科学性。
[Abstract]:Gear transmission system is one of the important transmission modes in mechanical transmission, which is applied in various fields of industry and life. In the field of railway, with the rapid development of high-speed railway, the improvement of train speed requires the smoothness of gear transmission, and the strength and lifetime of gear are strictly required. The high-speed railway in our country has certain independent R & D technology. However, in the face of high-speed working conditions, how to carry out the precise gear repair design, improve the transmission accuracy of the high-speed gear, and improve the bearing capacity, Reducing tooth contact force and prolonging service life have become one of the difficulties in high-speed rail field, and the high speed gearbox working at high speed condition requires the fatigue strength of the structure strictly, so it is also important to optimize the structure of high-speed rail gear box. Combined with the national support plan applied by Dalian University of Technology and Nanqichuan Qishuyan Institute, this paper presents a design method of tooth profile modification for high speed helical gears, and calculates the tooth profile modification parameters by combining theory with simulation. The dynamic simulation software DYNA is used to verify the design results, which proves that the design is accurate and scientific. Finally, the structure optimization design of high speed gear box is carried out, which is of great significance to the design and manufacture of high speed gear and box. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the safety factor of helical gear is calculated by modeling and contact finite element analysis. It is verified that the contact strength safety coefficient and bending safety factor of gear under four medium working conditions meet the requirements of high reliability, and the gear profile is modified according to the need of analysis. This paper introduces the reason of gear meshing impact and the concept of three elements of tooth profile modification. By using the method of combination of theory and finite element method, the tooth profile modification margin, the modification length and the starting circle radius of the modification curve are calculated under the starting condition. The tooth profile modification curve is designed by MATLAB software. According to the modification curve, the modified gear model is established in UG. The meshing dynamic simulation of modified gear is carried out with ANSYS / LS-DYNA finite element tool, and the influence of three elements of tooth profile modification on tooth surface contact force is analyzed. The results show that the tooth surface contact force of quadratic and sinusoidal curve modification is small and the effect is better when the tooth top modification is 0.027 mm and the top modification length is 3.5mm, the maximum contact force is 6865 Ns, which is 30.0 less than that of unmodified gear. The results show that the effect of simultaneous modification of active and passive gear top is worse than that of active gear top and tooth root simultaneously. This is of significance to the design of transmission gearbox of high speed EMU. Finally, through the dynamic analysis of the whole gearbox, the tenth order vibration mode and natural frequency of the gearbox and the deformation of the parts of the gearbox under each order natural frequency are obtained, and the dynamic analysis of the gearbox shell is carried out. The structural improvement design of the gear box shell is carried out by the analysis results, and the dynamic analysis of the improved structure is carried out at last. The result shows that the deformation is less than the model before the improvement, which proves the scientific nature of the optimized scheme.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH132.41
本文编号：2131494
[Abstract]:Gear transmission system is one of the important transmission modes in mechanical transmission, which is applied in various fields of industry and life. In the field of railway, with the rapid development of high-speed railway, the improvement of train speed requires the smoothness of gear transmission, and the strength and lifetime of gear are strictly required. The high-speed railway in our country has certain independent R & D technology. However, in the face of high-speed working conditions, how to carry out the precise gear repair design, improve the transmission accuracy of the high-speed gear, and improve the bearing capacity, Reducing tooth contact force and prolonging service life have become one of the difficulties in high-speed rail field, and the high speed gearbox working at high speed condition requires the fatigue strength of the structure strictly, so it is also important to optimize the structure of high-speed rail gear box. Combined with the national support plan applied by Dalian University of Technology and Nanqichuan Qishuyan Institute, this paper presents a design method of tooth profile modification for high speed helical gears, and calculates the tooth profile modification parameters by combining theory with simulation. The dynamic simulation software DYNA is used to verify the design results, which proves that the design is accurate and scientific. Finally, the structure optimization design of high speed gear box is carried out, which is of great significance to the design and manufacture of high speed gear and box. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the safety factor of helical gear is calculated by modeling and contact finite element analysis. It is verified that the contact strength safety coefficient and bending safety factor of gear under four medium working conditions meet the requirements of high reliability, and the gear profile is modified according to the need of analysis. This paper introduces the reason of gear meshing impact and the concept of three elements of tooth profile modification. By using the method of combination of theory and finite element method, the tooth profile modification margin, the modification length and the starting circle radius of the modification curve are calculated under the starting condition. The tooth profile modification curve is designed by MATLAB software. According to the modification curve, the modified gear model is established in UG. The meshing dynamic simulation of modified gear is carried out with ANSYS / LS-DYNA finite element tool, and the influence of three elements of tooth profile modification on tooth surface contact force is analyzed. The results show that the tooth surface contact force of quadratic and sinusoidal curve modification is small and the effect is better when the tooth top modification is 0.027 mm and the top modification length is 3.5mm, the maximum contact force is 6865 Ns, which is 30.0 less than that of unmodified gear. The results show that the effect of simultaneous modification of active and passive gear top is worse than that of active gear top and tooth root simultaneously. This is of significance to the design of transmission gearbox of high speed EMU. Finally, through the dynamic analysis of the whole gearbox, the tenth order vibration mode and natural frequency of the gearbox and the deformation of the parts of the gearbox under each order natural frequency are obtained, and the dynamic analysis of the gearbox shell is carried out. The structural improvement design of the gear box shell is carried out by the analysis results, and the dynamic analysis of the improved structure is carried out at last. The result shows that the deformation is less than the model before the improvement, which proves the scientific nature of the optimized scheme.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH132.41
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