小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异及相关特性分析

发布时间：2018-02-13 09:36

本文关键词： 小麦长江中下游氮素利用效率基因型差异相关性分析　出处：《中国农业科学》2017年14期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】对长江中下游麦区小麦种质进行氮素利用效率基因型差异分析,明确不同种质材料的氮素利用特性,为小麦氮素高效育种及相关分子机理研究奠定基础,同时探讨氮素利用效率与不同生育期性状的相关关系,为建立小麦氮素高效利用的评价指标提供参考。【方法】大田条件下,设置低氮(纯氮62.55 kg·hm~(-2))和正常氮(纯氮187.5 kg·hm~(-2))2种氮素水平,以主要来自于长江中下游麦区不同时期的小麦种质118份为材料进行氮素利用效率基因型差异分析,通过对苗期地上部干重、分蘖数、叶绿素含量;花期地上部干重、植株氮素浓度、氮素积累量;灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量;成熟期籽粒产量、茎秆重、籽粒氮素浓度、茎秆氮素浓度、籽粒与茎秆氮素积累量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、收获指数和氮素收获指数等22个性状的测定与计算,研究氮素利用效率与不同性状之间的相关关系,并根据材料的氮素利用效率差异对不同种质材料进行划分。【结果】供试小麦材料在2种氮素水平下,各研究性状均存在较大的差异。相关性分析显示植株成熟期茎秆重、地上部生物学产量、收获指数、穗数、植株花期生物学产量、成熟期籽粒氮素积累量、茎秆氮素积累量、氮素收获指数和花期氮素积累量均与籽粒产量呈显著正相关关系;植株氮素生理利用率除了与氮素收获指数显著正相关外,与茎秆重、穗数、籽粒和茎秆氮素浓度及氮素积累量均显著负相关。根据2种氮素水平下产量,供试材料被划分为双高效型、双低效型、高氮高效型和低氮高效型。双高效型和高氮高效型材料对增施氮素反应更为敏感。低氮高效型材料灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量显著高于其他3种类型,说明氮素胁迫条件下,旗叶持绿性有助于提高植株氮素利用效率。【结论】供试小麦材料氮素利用效率在不同氮素水平下差异显著。不同氮效类型小麦材料对氮素响应不同,高氮高效型对氮素反应敏感,适合于高氮种植;双高效型和低氮高效材料具有耐贫瘠的能力,是氮素高效育种的优质材料。在2种氮素水平下,除了植株成熟期及花期地上部干重、植株氮素积累量等常规指标外,植株穗数也可作为小麦氮素高效利用的评价指标。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the genotypic differences of nitrogen use efficiency of wheat germplasm in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and to clarify the nitrogen utilization characteristics of different germplasm materials, so as to lay a foundation for wheat nitrogen efficient breeding and related molecular mechanism research. At the same time, the relationship between the nitrogen use efficiency and the characters of different growth stages was discussed, which provided a reference for establishing the evaluation index of wheat nitrogen utilization efficiency. [methods] under the field conditions, Low nitrogen (62.55 kg 路hm ~ (-2) N) and normal nitrogen (187.5 kg 路hm~(-2))2) nitrogen levels were set up. The genotypic differences of nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) were analyzed among 118 wheat germplasms mainly from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Shoot dry weight, tiller number, chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, plant nitrogen concentration, nitrogen accumulation amount, flag leaf chlorophyll content at filling stage, grain yield, stem weight, grain nitrogen concentration at maturity, The correlation between nitrogen use efficiency and different characters was studied by measuring and calculating 22 characters, such as nitrogen concentration of stem, nitrogen accumulation of grain and stem, ear number, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and nitrogen harvest index. According to the difference of nitrogen utilization efficiency, different germplasm materials were divided. [results] under the two nitrogen levels, there were significant differences in the characters of the wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the stem weight of the plant at maturity stage was different. The biological yield, harvest index, ear number, plant biological yield at flowering stage, grain nitrogen accumulation at maturity, stem nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen accumulation at flowering were positively correlated with grain yield. The physiological utilization efficiency of plant nitrogen was significantly negatively correlated with stem weight, ear number, grain and stem nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation, in addition to positive correlation with nitrogen harvest index. The materials were divided into two types: high efficiency type, low efficiency type, and low efficiency type. The high nitrogen efficiency type and low nitrogen efficiency type were more sensitive to nitrogen application. The chlorophyll content in flag leaf of low nitrogen efficiency type was significantly higher than that of the other three types during filling period, which indicated that under nitrogen stress, chlorophyll content of flag leaf was significantly higher than that of other three types. [conclusion] the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat cultivars was significantly different under different nitrogen levels, and the response of different nitrogen efficiency types to nitrogen was different. The high nitrogen efficiency type is sensitive to nitrogen reaction and is suitable for high nitrogen planting, and the two high efficiency and low nitrogen efficient materials have the ability of tolerance to barren, so they are high quality materials for nitrogen efficiency breeding. In addition to the conventional indexes such as shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen accumulation during plant maturity and flowering, the number of plant panicles can also be used as an evaluation index for high nitrogen utilization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
【作者单位】：湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室;湖北省农业科学院;长江大学农学院;
【基金】：湖北省科技支撑计划(2015BBA152) 湖北省创新中心项目(2007-620-001-03) 湖北省农业科学院青年科学基金(2015NKYJJ29)
【分类号】：S512.1

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