普通小麦抗条锈病基因分子定位

发布时间：2018-02-21 01:19

本文关键词： 普通小麦条锈病抗性基因分子标记　出处：《安徽农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小麦条锈病是由条形柄锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)侵入感染引起的真菌病害,对小麦的产量和品质均造成严重的影响。虽然有效的化控措施能够一定程度上防控条锈病,但防治病害更为经济、有效和环境友好的途径依然是以抗条锈病品种的培育和推广为主的综合防治措施。然而生产实践中仍会出现因品种的抗性丧失而造成的巨大产量损失,这主要是因为条锈菌自身的高变异度性以及生产上抗源的不合理布局而引起的。因此想要在育种中持久高效的利用抗病基因,使不同来源的基因合理分布且有效聚合,就必须明确已知小麦抗性品种的抗锈性遗传来源和基础,探求与已定位基因不同的抗源材料和抗病基因,并获得与其紧密连锁的分子标记。本研究通过对济麦22、白大头和武都白茧儿3个抗锈病品种与感病品种分别杂交构建的遗传群体,使用集群分离分析法、结合SSR标记、90K SNP芯片和KASP技术对品种所携带的抗条锈病基因进行定位构建连锁图谱,主要结果如下:1.济麦22抗条锈病基因定位济麦22是山东农科院育成的高产、稳产、多抗且广适的小麦主栽品种。以济麦22为父本、感病亲本Avocet S为母本杂交产生的15个F_1和377个F_2单以及117个F_3株系,利用我国条锈菌流行小种条中32(CYR32)对其进行苗期抗性鉴定和分子标记分析。结果表明,一个显性基因控制了济麦22对CYR32小种的高抗反应,将其暂命名为YrJ22。该基因与同位于2A染色体上的分子标记Xwmc658、Xgwm382、Xgwm311、Xcfd50、Xgdm93、wsnp_Ex_c10555_17235832和RAC875_c27530_860紧密连锁,其中Xwmc658和wsnp_Ex_c10555_17235832分布在YrJ22两侧,与其连锁距离分别为1.0 cM和7.3 cM。通过对济麦22的系谱和抗谱分析,YrJ22来源于TJB259/87,不同于2AL染色体上已定位的抗条锈病基因Yr1和Yr32,是一个新的抗条锈病基因。2.小麦农家种白大头抗条锈病遗传分析小麦农家品种白大头在条锈菌越夏区长期保持良好的抗性。以白大头与感病亲本辉县红杂交产生F_1并构建F_2、F_2:3和BC1群体,选择我国流行条锈小种CYR32对进行苗期抗性鉴定。通过对鉴定结果的遗传分析,一个显性基因控制了白大头的抗性,暂命名为YrBdt。结合集群分离分析法(Bulked segregant analysis,BSA),利用SSR标记和90K SNP芯片对由F_2单株构建的抗感池进行检测,初步确定YrBdt在1A染色体上;与位于1A染色体上的5个SSR标记Xbarc28、Xwmc120、Xbarc350、Xgwm135和Xbarc209,2个SNP标记IACX1592和RAC875_c33300_141紧密连锁,其中SSR标记Xgwm135和Xbarc209分布在YrBdt两侧,与其连锁距离分别为0.9 cM和2.2 cM。通过对白大头及相关品种的系谱分析和抗谱比较,YrBdt不同于1A染色体上已定位的抗条锈病基因YrDa1、YrHA和Yrzhong12-2,是一个新的抗条锈病基因。3.小麦农家种武都白茧儿抗条锈病遗传分析小麦农家品种武都白茧儿对国内外17个条锈菌生理小种均表现出良好的抗性。以武都白茧儿为父本、感病亲本辉县红为母本构建F_1、F_2和F_2:3群体,利用流行小种CYR32进行苗期抗性鉴定。通过对鉴定结果的遗传分析,表明一个显性基因控制了武都白茧儿的抗性,暂命名为YrWD。利用759个SSR标记对双亲进行多态性筛选,结合BSA法,最终找到2个4A染色体上与该基因连锁的SSR标记Xbarc236和Xwmc468,连锁距离分别为17.7和47.2cM。
[Abstract]:Wheat stripe rust by Puccinia striiformis (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) infection caused by fungal diseases, on the yield and quality of wheat were severely affected. Although effective control measures to a certain extent the prevention and control of stripe rust, but the disease control is more economical, effective and environmentally friendly way is still the comprehensive prevention and control measures to cultivate and promote the stripe rust resistant varieties mainly. However the yield loss due to huge production loss caused by the resistance of variety is still in practice, this is mainly because of its high variability of stripe rust and production of resistant sources caused by the unreasonable layout. So to be in breeding for durable resistance the use of efficient gene, the gene of different sources of reasonable distribution and effective polymerization, it must be clearly known resistant wheat rust resistance and genetic source based searching and positioning has Sources of resistance and resistance gene of different genes, and their molecular markers closely linked. Through the research of Jimai 22, Wudu white head and white populations Jianer 3 resistant wheat varieties and susceptible varieties were hybrid construct, segregation analysis using cluster with SSR markers, linkage map location stripe rust resistance gene 90K SNP chip and KASP technology to carry on the varieties, the main results are as follows: 1. Jimai 22 stripe rust resistant gene location of Jimai 22 was bred by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, high yield, stable yield, wide adaptability and resistance of main cultivars of wheat. With Jimai 22 as male parent, susceptible parent Avocet S as the female hybrids resulting from 15 F_1 and 377 F_2 and 117 F_3 lines, I will use a popular rust in 32 (CYR32) of seedling resistance identification and molecular marker of. The results showed that a dominant gene control of Jimai 22 to C High resistance reaction of YR32 species, named YrJ22. with the gene in molecular marker Xwmc658 on chromosome 2A, Xgwm382, Xgwm311, Xcfd50, Xgdm93, wsnp_Ex_c10555_17235832 and RAC875_c27530_860 are closely linked, in which Xwmc658 and wsnp_Ex_c10555_17235832 distribution on both sides of the YrJ22, and the genetic distance were 1 cM and 7.3 cM. of Jimai 22 of the pedigree and resistance spectrum analysis, YrJ22 derived from TJB259/87, is different from the 2AL chromosome mapping of stripe rust resistance gene Yr1 and Yr32, is a new stripe rust resistance gene.2. in Wheat Landrace head white stripe rust resistance genetic analysis of Wheat Landraces in big white rust summering area keep good long white head. Resistant and the susceptible parent F_1 and Huixian Red Cross building F_2, F_2:3 and BC1 groups, selection of Chinese popular Stripe Rust Races CYR32 to seedling resistance identification through the identification. The results of genetic analysis, a dominant gene controlled the resistance to white head, temporarily named YrBdt. combined with bulked segregant analysis (Bulked segregant, analysis, BSA) was used to detect the Anti Sense pool constructed by F_2 plant using SSR markers and 90K SNP chip, YrBdt was identified on chromosome 1A in 5; the SSR marker Xbarc28 on chromosome 1A, Xwmc120, Xbarc350, Xgwm135, Xbarc209,2 and SNP markers IACX1592 and RAC875_c33300_141 closely linked to the SSR marker Xgwm135 and Xbarc209 distribution on both sides of the YrBdt, and the genetic distance were 0.9 cM and 2.2 cM. on the head by the pedigree and related species analysis and comparison of different resistance spectrum, YrBdt on chromosome 1A on the mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrDa1, YrHA and Yrzhong12-2, is a new stripe rust resistance gene.3. in Wheat Varieties in Wudu Jianer white stripe rust resistance genetic analysis of wheat landraces of Wuhan White Jianer of 17 physiological races showed good resistance to Wudu. White Jianer as male parent, susceptible parent Huixian red as female parent and F_2:3 F_2 to build F_1 group of seedling resistance identification using popular small CYR32. By genetic analysis of identification results, show a dominant the gene controlling the resistance of Wudu white Jianer, tentatively named YrWD. with 759 SSR markers were used to screen polymorphism between parents, with BSA method, finally found the 2 4A chromosome linked with the gene of SSR markers Xbarc236 and Xwmc468, the genetic distance was 17.7 and 47.2cM. respectively.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S435.121.42

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