不同项目高水平运动员与非运动员血型与基因频率的分布对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 06:43

本文选题：血型　切入点：基因频率　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类的血型由基因遗传决定,血型的遗传度为100%,具有较高的遗传性。进入21世纪,社会科技的发展取得了巨大的进步,优秀的科技成果广泛的运用到各个领域,教练员借助科学手段选取运动员的方法也越来越成熟,不同项目运动选材的指标也越来越完善。由于血型具有较高的遗传性,血型与运动能力的关联也成为一项研究内容。近年来有关血型与运动专项的研究从未间断,有关血型与运动专项的研究成果存在较大的分歧。分歧主要分为两类:一类学者认为血型与运动专项之间存在必然联系,日本运动血型学专家能允正比古是此种观点的代表。另一类学者认为,血型与运动专项无关,两者不存在必然联系。他们认为,血型是红细胞抗原在个体间的差异,这种差异不会影响运动员的运动成绩。尽管有关血型与身体素质方面的研究很多,但大多是针对某一项运动进行研究,研究结果只能说明某一项运动的血型分布特点,以及血型与该运动专项之间的联系,不具有整体代表性。本文以我国著名学者田麦久先生的项群理论的分类方法为基础,从每一个项群中选取一个或多个运动项目的运动员作为研究对象。运用文献资料法、访谈法、测试法、数理统计发。检测运动员的血型,分析每个项目运动员的血型分布和基因频率分布特点,通过与非运动员的血型分布进行对比分析,进而判断血型与各个专项之间是否存在必然联系。进一步通过与非运动员的基因频率分布进行对比分析,更加深入的了解基因频率与运动专项之间是否存在必然联系。结果显示:1、每个项群运动员与非运动员的血型分布都存在差异性。对每个项群运动员与非运动员的血型分布进行卡方检验可知,格斗类项群、隔网对抗性项群、表现准确性项群、快速力量性项群部分血型P值小于0.05,差异明显。速度性、耐力性、表现难美性、同场对抗性、格斗对抗性等项群各种血型P值均大于0.05,尽管速度性、耐力性、表现难美性、同场对抗性、格斗对抗性等项群运动员与非运动员的血型分布存在差异性,但差异不明显。可以认为,血型与运动专项之间存在必然联系,但血型与不同项目之间联系的程度有所不同。2、每个项群运动员与非运动员的基因频率分布都存在差异性。对每个项群运动员与非运动员的基因频率分布进行卡方检验可知,各项群的P值都大于0.05。因此,各项群运动员与非运动员的基因分布尽管存在差异性,但差异不明显。可以认为,运动员和非运动员基因频率的分布特点有所不同,但基因频率与运动专项之间不存在必然联系。3、结合血型与运动员的身体素质的研究成果,和不同项目的运动特点分析其原因。找出每个项目最适合的血型。进而为运动员选材提供参考,为大众健身选择适合的运动项目提供建议和心理暗示,进而提高大众参与健身的积极性。
[Abstract]:Human blood type is determined by genetic inheritance, and the heritability of blood group is 100, which has a high heritability. Since 21th century, the development of social science and technology has made great progress, and excellent scientific and technological achievements have been widely used in various fields. Coaches' methods of selecting athletes by scientific means are becoming more and more mature, and the indexes of selecting athletes in different events are becoming more and more perfect. The association between blood type and athletic ability has also been a subject of research. In recent years, research on blood type and sports has never stopped. There are great differences between blood groups and sports. The differences are divided into two categories: one is that there is an inevitable relationship between blood type and sports. Japanese sports blood group expert Neng Zhengbigu is a representative of this view. Another group of scholars believe that blood type has nothing to do with sports events, and there is no necessary connection between the two. They believe that blood type is the difference between individuals with red blood cell antigen. This difference does not affect athletes' athletic performance. Although there are a lot of studies on blood type and physical fitness, most of them are for one sport, and the results can only explain the distribution of blood groups in one sport. And the relationship between blood type and the special events of the movement is not representative as a whole. This paper is based on the classification method of the project group theory of Mr. Tian Maijiu, a famous scholar in China. The athletes of one or more sports were selected from each group as the research objects. The methods of literature, interview, test, mathematical statistics were used to test the athletes' blood type. The blood group distribution and gene frequency distribution of athletes in each event were analyzed and compared with that of non-athletes. And then to determine whether there is an inevitable connection between blood type and each specific item. Further, by comparing the genetic frequency distribution with that of non-athletes, A deeper understanding of whether there is an inevitable link between genetic frequency and sports events. The results show that there are differences in the blood type distribution between athletes and non-athletes in each group of events. The distribution of blood groups was detected by chi-square test. The P value of some blood groups of fighting group, net separation group, performance accuracy group and fast strength group is less than 0.05, the difference is obvious. The difference is obvious, such as speed, endurance, difficulty in beauty, resistance to the same field, and so on. P value of all kinds of blood groups was greater than 0.05, although there were differences in blood group distribution between athletes and non-athletes, such as speed, endurance, difficulty in beauty, resistance in the same field, confrontation in fighting, and so on. But the difference is not obvious. It can be concluded that there is an inevitable connection between blood type and sports events. However, the degree of association between blood type and different events is different. 2. There are differences in gene frequency distribution between athletes and non-athletes in each group. The genetic frequency distribution of athletes and non-athletes in each group is verified by chi-square test. The P value of each group is more than 0.05. Therefore, the gene distribution of each group athletes and non-athletes is different, but the difference is not obvious. It can be concluded that the distribution characteristics of gene frequency of athletes and non-athletes are different. However, there is no necessary relationship between gene frequency and sports events, combining the research results of blood type and athletes' physical quality. To find out the most suitable blood type for each event, and then to provide reference for athletes to select suitable sports items, and to provide suggestions and psychological hints for the public to choose suitable sports items. And then improve the enthusiasm of the public to participate in fitness.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G808.18

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