我国转基因食品标识法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:43

本文选题：转基因食品　切入点：标识制度　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从20世纪末开始,转基因技术被积极应用到作物栽培育种,得到在抗病性、抗逆性、营养成分、外观等方面具有优势的转基因作物,世界上很多国家和地区都在种植。面对种类繁多、数量庞大的转基因食品,公众通常难以进行区分。标识制度是对转基因食品进行监管的制度之一。2002年,我国开始对转基因食品安全进行法律规制,目前已经形成了基本的法律规范体系、监管机制。由于转基因食品的监管在法律规范、监管机构和司法救济方面开始出现一些问题,我国转基因品标识制度并没有很好地发挥监管作用。所以,需要系统分析标识制度的现状,总结存在的主要问题,并对比国外已经确立的转基因标识管理经验,进一步完善我国的相关规定。本文主要从法律规定与司法实践的角度对我国转基因食品标识制度分析现存的问题,系统地从具体法律规范、监管机构和司法救济方面对转基因食品标识制度加以完善,从而发挥标识制度在保障公民权利、维护市场经济秩序、社会可持续发展方面的重要作用。主要分为五部分对转基因食品标识及相关问题进行阐述。首先,介绍转基因食品安全性、转基因食品标识涵义,并且论述了对这类食品进行标识的意义,明确进行监管的必要性。其次,介绍我国转基因食品标识监管的现状,具体包括:标识制度法律规范体系,监管机构设置,以及司法实践。然后,总结出我国相关规定的主要问题,分为法律规范、监管机构、司法救济三个方面:法律规范层面,存在对转基因食品标识对象范围、内容形式、关于“非转基因标识”的规定、关于阈值的规定方面存在不足,;监管机构层面,分工、信息公开存在缺陷;司法救济层面,裁判依据不足,消费者维权困难。另外,通过对比分析欧盟和美国的相关规定,启示我国在制定标识制度时要考虑本国基本情况,监管机构要注意分工合作,将标识制度与可追溯制度的有机结合有利于监管。从而,为完善我国转基因食品标识制度提供建议。最后,对标识制度在上述几个方面存在的问题进行完善。在法律规范方面要更新生物标识目录、丰富标识内容与形式、增加“非转基因”标识规定、引入阈值标识、引入可追溯标识,在监管机构方面要确定监管机构及职能分工并完善信息公开,完善裁判依据,利用公益诉讼保障消费者权益。本文紧密结合我国目前转基因食品标识制度现状,在已有研究与总结基础上,借鉴国外成功监管经验,试图对我国标转基因食品标识监管提出较为全面的完善建议,从而更好地发挥标识法律制度的监管作用。
[Abstract]:Since the end of 20th century, transgenic technology has been actively applied to crop cultivation and breeding, and transgenic crops with advantages in disease resistance, stress resistance, nutritional composition, appearance and so on have been obtained. Many countries and regions in the world are growing. In the face of a wide variety of genetically modified foods, the public is usually difficult to distinguish. Marking system is one of the systems to regulate genetically modified foods. In 2002, China began to regulate the safety of genetically modified foods by law. At present, it has formed a basic legal normative system and regulatory mechanism. As a result of the regulation of genetically modified foods, there are some problems in the aspects of legal norms, regulatory bodies and judicial remedies. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically analyze the status quo of the marking system, sum up the main problems, and compare the management experience of transgenic marking established by foreign countries. Further improve the relevant provisions of our country. This article mainly from the legal provisions and judicial practice of the analysis of the existing problems of the labelling system of genetically modified food, systematically from the specific legal norms, The regulatory bodies and judicial remedies have improved the labelling system of genetically modified foods, thus giving full play to the marking system in safeguarding the rights of citizens and maintaining the order of the market economy. The important role of social sustainable development. It is divided into five parts to explain the labeling of genetically modified food and related issues. First, introduce the safety of genetically modified food, the meaning of genetically modified food labeling, It also discusses the significance of labeling of this kind of food and the necessity of supervision. Secondly, it introduces the current situation of labeling supervision of genetically modified foods in China, including: the legal normative system of marking system, the setting of regulatory agencies, And judicial practice. Then, it summarizes the main problems of relevant regulations in China, which are divided into three aspects: legal norms, regulatory bodies, and judicial remedies: legal norms, scope of objects for the identification of genetically modified foods, content forms, With regard to the provisions on "non-genetically modified marking", there are deficiencies in the provisions on threshold; at the regulatory level, at the division of labour and the disclosure of information; on the level of judicial relief, on the basis of insufficient adjudication, and on the difficulty of protecting rights by consumers. By comparing and analyzing the relevant regulations of the European Union and the United States, it is revealed that our country should take into account the basic situation of our country when making the marking system, that the regulators should pay attention to the division of work and cooperation, and that the organic combination of the marking system and the traceability system will be beneficial to the supervision. In order to improve the labeling system of genetically modified foods in China, we should provide some suggestions. Finally, we should perfect the problems in the above aspects. In terms of legal norms, we should update the catalogue of biomarkers, enrich the contents and forms of marking. Adding "non-transgenic" marking provisions, introducing threshold marking, introducing traceability marks, determining the division of labor and functions of regulatory bodies, perfecting the publicity of information, and perfecting the basis for adjudication, Using public interest litigation to protect the rights and interests of consumers. This paper closely combined with the current status of the labelling system of genetically modified food in China, on the basis of existing research and summary, learn from the successful regulatory experience of foreign countries, This paper attempts to put forward more comprehensive suggestions on the regulation of the labeling of standard transgenic foods in China, so as to play a better role in the regulatory role of the marking legal system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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