盐碱土壤转Bt基因棉花外源蛋白表达量时空变化及对抗虫性的影响

发布时间：2018-03-23 03:30

本文选题：土壤盐分　切入点：转Bt基因棉花　出处：《生态学报》2017年16期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：盐碱地是潜在的可利用耕地资源,但土壤盐碱化严重制约了农业生产的可持续发展。基于棉花机械化程度低、劳动力成本和生产资料投入剧增、比较效益下降和实施粮食生产安全战略等因素影响,我国长江流域和黄河流域棉花面积锐减,种植区域向内陆盐碱旱地或滨海盐碱地转移,但目前针对盐碱地转Bt基因棉种植可能带来的生态安全性问题研究甚少,正成为国内外研究的焦点和热点。伴随着棉花向盐碱地大面积转移种植趋势,检测盐胁迫是否影响转基因抗虫棉抗虫性,明确其影响程度,直接关系到转基因抗虫棉种植的安全性,也是目前抗虫棉扩大生产中迫切需要解决的问题。以非转基因棉花为对照,分别在低盐、中盐和高盐土壤种植的棉花的苗期、蕾期和花铃期采样,室内测定了转Bt基因棉花叶片对棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率和外源蛋白表达量。研究结果发现盐分胁迫下转Bt基因棉花苗期叶片对棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率下降了9.22%—47.46%,蕾期下降了31.61%—45.42%,花铃期下降了3.59%—18.52%;土壤盐分显著降低了转Bt基因棉花叶片中外源蛋白的表达量,苗期功能叶外源蛋白表达量下降了7.66%—29.86%;蕾期下降了3.77%—36.85%;花铃期下降了18.13%—41.02%;相关性分析表明,盐分胁迫条件下转Bt基因棉花叶片中外源蛋白表达量与其对棉铃虫抗性程度存在正相关关系。结果表明,盐碱土壤显著降低了转Bt基因棉花叶片外源杀虫蛋白表达量,从而导致转Bt基因棉花叶片对棉铃虫的抗虫性下降。研究土壤盐分对转Bt基因棉花对棉铃虫的影响及其作用机制,可为建立盐碱地转Bt基因棉花田害虫综合防控技术体系、转Bt基因棉花环境安全评价及转Bt基因棉安全管理提供依据。
[Abstract]:Saline-alkali land is a potential available cultivated land resource, but soil salinization seriously restricts the sustainable development of agricultural production. Due to the decrease of comparative benefit and the implementation of grain production safety strategy, the cotton area in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins in China has been sharply reduced, and the planting areas have been transferred to inland saline-alkali drylands or coastal saline-alkali land. However, there are few researches on the ecological security of BT transgenic cotton planting in saline-alkali soil, which is becoming the focus and hotspot of domestic and foreign research. The effect of salt stress on the insect resistance of transgenic insect-resistant cotton was determined, which was directly related to the safety of transgenic insect-resistant cotton. It is also an urgent problem to be solved in expanding the production of insect-resistant cotton at present. Taking non-transgenic cotton as control, cotton growing in low-salt, medium-salt and high-salt soils were sampled at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering and boll stage, respectively. The corrected mortality of BT cotton leaves and the expression of exogenous protein in cotton leaves of transgenic BT cotton were measured in laboratory. The results showed that the corrected mortality of BT transgenic cotton leaves to Helicoverpa armigera larvae decreased 9.22- 47.46 under salt stress. The salt content of soil decreased significantly by 31.61-45.42 and 3.59-18.52 in flowering and boll stages respectively, and the expression of foreign protein in BT transgenic cotton leaves was significantly decreased by soil salinity. The expression of exogenous protein in functional leaves decreased 7.66-29.86 in seedling stage, 3.77 in bud stage and 18.13-41.02 in flowering boll stage. Under salt stress, there was a positive correlation between the expression of exogenous proteins in transgenic BT cotton leaves and their resistance to Helicoverpa armigera. The results showed that the expression of exogenous insecticidal proteins in BT transgenic cotton leaves was significantly decreased in saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the resistance of BT transgenic cotton leaves to cotton bollworm decreased. To study the effect of soil salinity on BT cotton and its mechanism, we can establish a comprehensive pest control system for BT cotton field in saline-alkali soil. The environmental safety evaluation of BT transgenic cotton and the safety management of BT transgenic cotton were provided.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院棉花研究所棉花生物学国家重点实验室;南京农业大学农学院农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31501253)
【分类号】：S562

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