转Bt基因玉米对根际土壤微生物及土壤活性成分影响的研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 13:39

本文选题：转Bt玉米　切入点：土壤酶活性　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1996年到2016年,转基因作物的种植面积从170万公顷提高至1.851亿公顷,转基因作物种植面积在20年时间内增长了100多倍。转Bt棉花、玉米等转Bt作物的种植减少了农药使用,为世界农民的增产增收、解决世界贫困问题作出了贡献。转基因作物的安全性也一直影响着转基因作物的环境释放和商品化应用。本实验通过研究转Bt玉米种植对根际土壤酶活性、微生物群落的影响和转Bt玉米植株内Bt蛋白降解情况,为转Bt玉米的环境释放和商业化应用提供科学的安全性评价数据。具体研究结果如下:(1)五个生育期内,转Bt玉米与非转Bt玉米根际土壤碱性蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和酸性转化酶活性均没有显著性差异;转Bt玉米与非转Bt玉米根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性在前四个时期没有显著性差异,在收获期,转Bt玉米根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著低于非转Bt玉米。(2)通过Biolog数据计算,五个生育期内转Bt玉米与非转Bt玉米根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon多样性指数、McIntosh均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均不存在显著性差异。(3)对三种土壤的微生物群落96h的Biolog实验结果进行主成分分析,结果表明前14种成分的方差贡献率达到了100%,前2种主要成分的累积贡献率达到了69.69%。转Bt玉米与非转Bt玉米根际微生物群落对两种主成分的利用没有明显规律性差异。(4)505-12-5和RF-12-5两种转Bt玉米收获后四种处理(室内晾干、地上放置、地下处理和种植小麦)的Bt蛋白降解动态结果显示,虽然四种处理Bt蛋白降解的速率各有不同,但到105d时均检测不到Bt蛋白。
[Abstract]:Between 1996 and 2016, the area under genetically modified crops increased from 1.7 million hectares to 185.1 million hectares, and the area of genetically modified crops increased more than 100-fold in 20 years. The conversion of BT cotton to corn and other BT crops reduced the use of pesticides. To increase the output and income of farmers in the world, The safety of transgenic crops has also affected the environmental release and commercial application of transgenic crops. The effect of microbial community and the degradation of BT protein in transgenic BT maize plants provided scientific safety evaluation data for environmental release and commercial application of transgenic BT maize. The activities of alkaline protease, alkaline phosphatase, urease and acid invertase in rhizosphere of BT maize and non-BT maize were not significantly different. There was no significant difference in catalase activity in rhizosphere soil between BT maize and non-BT maize in the first four periods. At harvest stage, catalase activity in rhizosphere soil of transgenic BT maize was significantly lower than that of non-BT maize. There was no significant difference in Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index of rhizosphere soil microbial communities between BT maize and non-BT maize in five growth stages. The results were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results showed that the variance contribution rate of the first 14 components reached 100%, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first two main components reached 69.69.The utilization of the two principal components by the rhizosphere microbial community of BT maize and non-BT maize had no obvious regularity. After harvest, four treatments (dry in room) of BT maize, I. e., Xiejiao 505-12-5 and RF-12-5, were used to treat BT maize after harvest. The dynamic results of BT protein degradation under ground, underground treatment and wheat) showed that although the degradation rates of BT protein were different among the four treatments, no BT protein could be detected at 105 days.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

【参考文献】