黄淮麦区部分种质资源小麦籽粒硬度基因型分子鉴定

发布时间：2018-04-11 18:15

本文选题：普通小麦 + 核心种质　；参考：《河南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：籽粒硬度是小麦品质性状改良的重要目标之一,研究黄淮麦区核心种质资源小麦籽粒硬度的基因型分布规律,能够为我国小麦品质改良和种质资源利用提供信息。本试验以来自我国黄淮麦区的244份小麦核心种质为参试材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪和特异引物的PCR扩增对其SKCS硬度及其基因型进行鉴定。对全部参试材料的籽粒硬度表型、Puroindo1ine的不同等位变异类型进行了鉴定与分析。本试验结论如下:本试验的244份小麦核心种质资源以硬质型小麦为主,占总参试材料的56.6%,其硬质麦基因型共有Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s、Pina-D1l、Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1p、Pinb-D1ab、Pinb-D1e、Pinb-D1t和Pinb-D1u共10种单倍型,其分布比例分别为2.1%、5.3%、4.5%、0.8%、25.8%、15.7%、0.4%、0.4%、0.8%和0.8%,其中Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s和Pina-D1l 4种类型均导致PINA蛋白缺失。可以看出,Pinb-D1p在参试材料硬质麦中占有主导地位,PINA蛋白缺失类型(包含Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s和Pina-D1l 4种类型)也有广泛的分布。不同来源小麦品种籽粒硬度基因型分布表明,山西、河南、云南和新疆小麦品种籽粒硬度基因型较为丰富,拥有多达10种Puroindoline基因型,而国外引进品种和历史品种较为单一。不同类型小麦品种籽粒硬度基因型分布表明,农家种小麦籽粒硬度基因型更为丰富。在各种Puroindoline-D1等位变异类型中,拥有PINA-null/PINB-D1a类型的小麦品种SKCS籽粒硬度显著高于拥有Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p类型的小麦品种。本项研究表明黄淮麦区核心种质资源具有丰富的籽粒硬度主效基因变异类型,结合前人研究中认为的PINA蛋白缺失变异类型的磨粉品质和面包烘烤品质都比Pinb-D1b类型差,但拥有相对较好的印度薄饼加工品质,因此品质育种过程中可依据育种目标有选择的利用黄淮麦区小麦核心种质资源。
[Abstract]:Grain hardness is one of the important goals of wheat quality improvement. Studying the distribution of wheat kernel hardness genotypes in Huanghuai wheat region can provide information for wheat quality improvement and utilization of germplasm resources in China.The SKCS hardness and genotype of 244 wheat core collections from Huanghuai wheat region of China were identified by single grain grain characteristic tester and PCR amplification with specific primers.The different allelic variation types of Puroindo1ine in grain hardness phenotype of all the tested materials were identified and analyzed.The distribution ratio was 2.1and 5.3cm, about 4.50.58, and 15.70.74% and 0.8%, respectively. The four types of Pina-D1b, Pina-D1r-Pina-D1s and Pina-D1l all caused the deletion of PINA protein.It can be seen that Pinb-D1p plays a dominant role in the deletion of Pina protein (including Pina-D1bP1r-Pina-D1s and Pina-D1l).The distribution of grain hardness genotypes of wheat varieties from different sources showed that wheat varieties from Shanxi Henan Yunnan and Xinjiang had more hardness genotypes and had as many as 10 Puroindoline genotypes.The distribution of grain hardness genotypes in different wheat varieties showed that there were more hardness genotypes in farm wheat.Among all Puroindoline-D1 allelic variation types, wheat varieties with PINA-null/PINB-D1a type had significantly higher grain hardness of SKCS than those with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p types.This study showed that the core germplasm resources of Huanghuai wheat region had abundant variation types of kernel hardness genes, and the milling quality and bread baking quality of the variant type of PINA protein deficiency were worse than that of Pinb-D1b type.But it has relatively good processing quality of Indian pancakes, so the wheat core germplasm resources of Huang-Huai wheat region can be selected according to breeding objectives in quality breeding.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S512.1

【参考文献】