不同基因型油菜成熟期根系特征及其与根际土壤养分关系

发布时间：2018-04-19 21:04

本文选题：基因型 + 油菜　；参考：《西北农业学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：为缓解西北风沙区冬季地面裸露、风蚀严重的问题,以3种油菜类型共20个油菜品种为试材,在相同的栽培条件下于油菜成熟期分析油菜总根长、根表面积、根体积、根干质量、主根长、主根直径、直径小于2mm的总根长、根尖数等根系指标及油菜根际土的全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质质量分数的差异,并进行了相关性分析,旨在探索不同类型不同品种油菜根系差异以及根系对根际土壤养分的影响,进而为选择出根系发达的油菜类型和油菜品种增加相应的实践经验。结果表明,不同类型油菜、同一类型不同品种油菜间的根系指标及根际土养分质量分数存在显著差异,表现为:(1)甘蓝型和白菜型油菜的总根长、根表面积、根尖数、直径小于2mm的总根长普遍大于芥菜型,其中甘蓝型油菜的根表面积相对芥菜型提高15.10%~94.00%;芥菜型油菜的根体积和根干质量最大,其中芥菜型油菜平均根体积分别比白菜型、甘蓝型油菜平均根体积提高11.26%、12.39%,平均根干质量分别减少49.77%和43.14%;芥菜型和甘蓝型油菜的主根长和主根直径普遍大于白菜型油菜。(2)3种油菜类型根际土壤全氮、速效钾、有机质质量分数大体上符合芥菜型白菜型甘蓝型的趋势,速效磷质量分数表现为白菜型芥菜型甘蓝型。(3)油菜总根长、根表面积、根尖数、直径小于2mm的总根长与各养分指标呈负相关;油菜根表面积、根长、根尖数越大,养分吸收越多;芥菜型油菜主根发达,生物量大,可在土壤贫瘠、易风蚀的区域种植用于防风固土,培肥地力;甘蓝型油菜根系表面积大,可在水肥条件较好的地方种植用于收获经济产量。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the problem of exposed surface and severe wind erosion in winter in northwest wind-sand region, 20 rape varieties of 3 types of rapeseed were used as test materials. Under the same cultivation conditions, the total root length, root surface area and root volume were analyzed at the mature stage of rape. Root dry weight, main root length, main root diameter, total root length, root tip number, root diameter less than 2mm, and differences of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter mass fraction in rape rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to explore the root system difference of different varieties of rape and the effect of root system on soil nutrients in rhizosphere, and to increase the corresponding practical experience for selecting rapeseed with developed root system and rape variety. The results showed that there were significant differences in root index and nutrient content of rhizosphere soil between different types of rape and the same type of rape, showing as follows: total root length, root surface area and root tip number of Brassica napus and Brassica campestris. The total root length of Brassica napus with diameter less than 2mm was generally larger than that of mustard type, and the root surface area of Brassica napus was increased by 15.10 ~ 94.00 compared with that of Brassica juncea, and the root volume and root dry mass of Brassica juncea were the largest, and the average root volume of Brassica napus was higher than that of Brassica campestris. The average root volume of Brassica napus increased 11.26% and 12.39%, the average root dry weight decreased 49.77% and 43.14%, the main root length and diameter of mustard and Brassica napus were generally larger than that of Brassica campestris L. The content of organic matter in Brassica campestris was in accordance with the trend of Brassica campestris type, and the available phosphorus content showed that the total root length, root surface area and root tip number of Brassica napus were the same as those of Brassica campestris L. The total root length with diameter less than 2mm was negatively correlated with the nutrient index, the root surface area, root length, root tip number, nutrient uptake of Brassica napus were higher, the main root of Brassica juncea was developed, and the biomass was large, which could be poor in soil. The area where wind erosion is easy to be planted is used to stabilize the soil and increase the fertility of the soil, and the root surface area of Brassica napus is large, which can be used to harvest economic yield in areas with better water and fertilizer conditions.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学农学院;陕西省杂交油菜研究中心;
【基金】：陕西省科技厅攻关项目(2014k01-03-04)~~
【分类号】：S565.4

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