基因沉默技术在抗真菌病害中的应用和展望

发布时间：2018-04-23 13:56

本文选题：土传真菌 + 棉花黄萎病　；参考：《生物工程学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：真菌病害严重威胁作物的产量和品质,给国家和人民造成巨大的经济损失。尤其是引起维管束病害的土传真菌,化学农药的作用效果很不理想。利用抗性基因进行遗传育种是目前生物防治的重要手段之一,但对于缺乏抗性资源的物种,面对强大的土壤真菌病害,研究者也时常束手无策。近年来,利用RNA干扰技术发展而来的宿主诱导的基因沉默(Host induced gene silencing,HIGS)策略,在抗病虫害领域逐渐崭露头角,但由于真菌侵染的复杂多样性及土壤传播的特性,HIGS在土壤真菌病害中的应用充满神秘和挑战。本研究室近期揭示了棉花黄萎病(一种严重的土壤真菌病害)的"罪魁祸首"——大丽轮枝菌的侵染结构和侵染过程;并首次证明了宿主植物内源小RNA能够跨界进入病原菌细胞中降解致病基因表达的抗病作用;在此基础上,本研究室利用HIGS在棉花上获得了对黄萎病抗性较高的品系,成功地开辟了抗土壤黄萎真菌病害的新天地,研究结果显示出基因沉默技术在这一领域强大的应用潜力和前景。
[Abstract]:Fungal diseases seriously threaten the yield and quality of crops and cause huge economic losses to the country and people. Especially the soil-borne fungi which cause vascular bundle disease, the effect of chemical pesticides is not ideal. Genetic breeding with resistance genes is one of the most important methods of biological control at present. However, in the face of strong soil fungal diseases, researchers often have no way to deal with species lacking resistant resources. In recent years, host induced gene silencing strategy developed by RNA interference technology has gradually emerged in the field of pest and disease resistance. However, because of the complex diversity of fungal infection and the characteristics of soil transmission, the application of HIGS in soil fungal diseases is full of mystery and challenge. Recently, the infection structure and process of Verticillium dahliae, a serious soil fungal disease, were revealed in our laboratory. The pathogen of Verticillium dahliae was the main culprit of Verticillium dahliae (Verticillium dahliae). It was proved for the first time that endogenous small RNA of host plants could cross into pathogen cells to degrade the expression of pathogenic genes, and on the basis of this, the strains with high resistance to Verticillium wilt were obtained by using HIGS in cotton. It has successfully opened up a new field of resistance to soil wilting fungal diseases. The results show that gene silencing technology has a strong application potential and prospect in this field.
【作者单位】：中国科学院微生物研究所植物基因组学国家重点实验室;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(No.XDB11040500)~~
【分类号】：S432.44

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