温室迷你黄瓜配合力分析及嫩果皮白色相关基因的初步定位

发布时间：2018-04-25 17:53

本文选题：迷你黄瓜 + 杂种优势　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：迷你黄瓜作为果菜兼用型瓜类品种,深受广大消费者喜爱。随着经济生活水平的提升,营养品质和外观品质性状优良的迷你黄瓜品种受到追捧并被迅速推广。本研究采用6个迷你黄瓜自交系为亲本,按照完全双列杂交第2种方案配置15个杂交组合,计算并分析了主要性状的杂种优势,对亲本及杂交组合的配合力、遗传参数、相关性及主成分分析进行了初步评价,目的在于筛选性状优良的亲本和可用推广使用的强优势组合,以期为迷你黄瓜育种提供理论依据。同时利用2个嫩果皮颜色差异明显的迷你黄瓜自交系分别为绿色亲本(0811)和白色亲本(0801)构建P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、BCP_1、BCP_2六世代群体,研究了迷你黄瓜嫩果皮颜色的遗传规律并对控制嫩果皮白色性状相关基因进行了初步定位。主要结果如下:1、农艺性状和品质性状变异分析不同亲本及杂交组合间在农艺性状和品质性状上均表现出显著或极显著差异。在19个农艺性状中,前期单株产量、前期单株瓜数、瓜把长、第一雌花节位的遗传变异系数最大,瓜粗、光合速率遗传变异系数最小;在6个品质性状中,可溶性蛋白的遗传变异系数最大,含水量的遗传变异系数最小。2、杂种优势分析对杂交组合的植株性状、单瓜性状、产量性状、品质性状进行杂种优势分析结果表明:在植株性状方面可以改良杂交组合植株的生长势,同时增强组合的增产潜力和早熟特性;在单瓜性状方面可以进一步缩小果形;在产量性状方面优势不明显;在品质性状方面可以提高可溶性糖、可溶性固形物以及干物质的含量。3、配合力分析亲本0815在单株雌花数、雌花节率、维生素C含量上表现出高位正向效应值;株高表现出次高位正向效应值;单株瓜数、单株产量、第15节位叶面积和茎粗均表现出正向效应值,是综合性状优良的亲本。0801×0811、0801×0815在植株长势、产量、熟性、品质等方面均表现优良,有潜力成为生产上推广利用的组合。4、遗传参数分析单株节位数、第15节位叶面积、第一雌花节位、雌花节率、可溶性蛋白、含水量、硬度的广义遗传力大于狭义遗传力,这类性状在育种后期进行选择效果较好;而对于株高、茎粗、单株雌花数、单株瓜数、单株产量、瓜长、肉厚、瓜把长、瓜形指数、维生素C性状表现出狭义遗传力大于广义遗传力,此类性状适宜在早期进行选育;其中诸如株高、单株雌花数、瓜把长性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力的效应值相差不大且相对较高,在早期选择效果较好。5、相关性和主成分分析单株产量与单株瓜数、前期单株产量、前期单株瓜数、单株雌花数、雌花节率均表现出极显著正相关,与第一雌花节位呈极显著负相关;单株雌花数、第一雌花节位、前期单株瓜数、前期单株产量、瓜长、单株节位数、维生素C、可溶性固形物、含水量作为评价迷你黄瓜农艺综合性状和品质性状的指标6、嫩果皮颜色性状遗传分析通过对六世代群体嫩果皮颜色性状进行遗传分析结果表明:F_1表现为绿色;F_2群体中嫩果皮绿色与白色分离比为3:1;BCP_1(P_1×F_1)群体中嫩果皮绿色与白色分离比为1:1;BCP_2(P_2×F_1)群体嫩果皮颜色全为绿色。根据孟德尔分离定律推测迷你黄瓜嫩果皮颜色是由单基因控制的质量性状,嫩果皮白色隐性于绿色。7、嫩果皮白色相关基因初定位利用BSA结合RNA-seq法开发多态性分子标记对迷你黄瓜嫩果皮白色性状进行初定位,结果表明:将控制嫩果皮白色性状的目的基因初步定位于3号染色体末端的38.73Mb-39.70Mb之间,物理距离大约为0.97Mb。
[Abstract]:Mini cucumber, as a fruit and vegetable variety, is very popular with consumers. With the improvement of economic life, Mini Cucumber Varieties with good nutritional quality and good appearance quality are popular and popularized rapidly. 6 mini cucumber inbred lines were used as parents and 15 complete diallel crosses were used in this study to configure 15 methods. The hybrid combination was used to calculate and analyze the Heterosis of the main traits. A preliminary evaluation was made on the combining ability, genetic parameters, correlation and principal component analysis of the parents and hybrid combinations. The purpose was to screen the good parents and the strong combination which could be used widely in order to provide the theoretical basis for the mini cucumber breeding. At the same time, 2 of them were used. The mini cucumber inbred lines with obvious color differences were green parents (0811) and white parents (0801) to construct P_1, P_2, F_1, F_2, BCP_1, BCP_2 six generations. The genetic rules of the skin color of the mini cucumber were studied and the primary location of the white characters of the skin was preliminarily located. The main results were as follows: 1, agronomic traits. In the 19 agronomic traits, the yield of single plant, the number of single plant, the longest, the first female flower node were the largest, the melon was coarse, and the genetic variation coefficient of photosynthetic rate was the smallest in the 6 agronomic traits. Among the qualitative characters, the genetic variation coefficient of soluble protein was the largest, and the genetic variation coefficient of water content was least.2. Heterosis analysis showed that the heterosis analysis results of plant traits, single melon traits, yield traits and quality traits of hybrid combinations showed that the growth potential of hybrid plants could be improved in plant traits and enhanced group. The yield increase potential and precocious characteristic, the fruit shape can be further reduced in the single melon character, the yield characteristics are not obvious, the soluble sugar, soluble solids and the content of dry matter can be increased in quality traits.3, and the parent 0815 is high in the number of female flowers, the female flower node rate and the vitamin C content. The positive effect value of the plant height showed the positive effect value of the secondary high, and the number of melon, the yield of single plant, the fifteenth node leaf area and the stem diameter showed positive effect value. It was good for the parent.0801 x 08110801 x 0815 in the plant growth, yield, maturity and quality, and had the potential to be used in production. .4, genetic parameters analysis single plant node, Fifteenth node leaf area, first female flower node, female flower node rate, soluble protein, water content and hardness greater than narrow heritability, this kind of trait is better in the late breeding, but for plant height, stem diameter, single plant female flower number, single plant number, single plant yield, melon length, meatness, melon. The long, melon shape index and vitamin C traits show that the narrow sense heritability is larger than the generalized heritability, and this kind of trait is suitable for early selection. Among them, the plant height, the number of female flowers per plant, the effect values of the broad heritability and the narrow sense heritability of long characters are relatively small and relatively high, and the early selection effect is better.5, correlation and principal component. The analysis of single plant yield and single plant number, early single plant yield, single plant number, single plant female flower number, female flower node rate showed very significant positive correlation, the number of female flowers, first female flower node, early single plant number, early single plant yield, melon length, single plant node, vitamin C, soluble solid substance. Water content was used as an index to evaluate the agronomic traits and quality traits of the mini cucumber. Genetic analysis of the color traits of the skin of the skin of the tender fruit showed that F_1 was green by the color traits of the six generation group of pericarp; the green and white separation ratio of the tender peel in the F_2 population was 3:1, and the green fruit green in the BCP_1 (P_1 * F_1) group was green. The skin color of BCP_2 (P_2 x F_1) group is all green. According to Mendel's law of separation, it is deduced that the skin color of the mini cucumber is a single gene controlled mass character, the white skin of the skin of the tender fruit is hidden in the green.7, the white related gene of the skin of the skin of the tender fruit is used to develop polymorphic molecular markers with BSA combined with RNA-seq method. The white character of your cucumber skin is first located. The result shows that the target gene that controls the white character of the skin of the tender fruit is initially located between 38.73Mb-39.70Mb at the end of chromosome 3, and the physical distance is about 0.97Mb.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S626;S642.2

【参考文献】