不同基因型小麦植株氮浓度的差异及临界氮浓度稀释曲线的建立

发布时间：2018-04-30 04:26

本文选题：基因型 + 施氮量　；参考：《河南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以河南禹州为试验地点,选用豫麦49-198、周麦16等10个基因型小麦,研究了不同基因型小麦植株氮含量及产量和产量构成之间的差异,并根据小麦对氮素生产效率及利用效率的的差异进行聚类分析,将以上小麦品种划归为氮高效、氮中效、氮低效三类。此后选用氮低效的周麦16和氮高效的豫麦49-198两个小麦品种,在5个氮水平(纯氮0、120、180、240、360 kghm-2)下,探讨两个不同类型小麦在植株氮浓度、群体动态、干物质累积和产量等方面的变化,建立了小麦氮稀释曲线模型以及氮营养指数模型,分析了氮营养指数和相对茎基部硝酸盐、相对生物量及相对产量之间的关系。探讨利用小麦临界浓度稀释模型来估测小麦植株氮素盈亏程度以及诊断小麦植株全氮含量高低的可行性。主要结果如下:1.小麦干物质累积量随着小麦生育期的推进不断增多,拔节期到孕穗期增加最快。10个基因型小麦群体数量都是呈现先增高后降低的趋势,并且在返青期达到最大值。2.10个基因型小麦植株含氮量在整个生育期内随着生育期的推进均呈先增加后降低的趋势,在小麦播后132d(返青期)达到最高。10个基因型小麦植株茎含氮量在整个生育期内随着生育期的推进均呈逐渐降低的趋势;叶氮含量呈现先先增加后降低的趋势,在小麦播后132d(返青期)达到最高;小麦各时期的茎基部硝酸盐含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势,拔节期以后茎基部硝酸盐含量增加,这是由于拔节期追施氮肥所致的。3.以氮利用能力的大小将本试验所有基因型小麦进行聚类分析后,分为氮高效的淮麦28、豫麦49-198、太学12、平安8号、温麦19;氮中效品种隆平1301、丰德存1号;氮低效品种隆平1302、隆平9987、周麦16。此基础上选出氮高效豫麦49-198、氮低效周麦16两个小麦品种进行深入研究。4.两个基因型小麦地上部生物量均随着施氮量的增加而增加,N180、N240和N360处理间差异不显著,但都显著高于N0和N120处理。且满足统计意义上的不等式DM0DM120DM180=DM240=DM360。小麦临界氮浓度与地上部生物量符合幂函数关系,通过回归估计标准误差分析及模拟值与真实值之间的线性关系发现,模拟值与真实值之间具有较高的吻合度。说明临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型在年度间具有较好的稳定性,可作为氮营养诊断曲线。随地上部生物量的增长,小麦临界氮吸收呈逐渐增加的趋势,且随着干物质的增加,临界氮吸收量的增加趋势逐渐减缓。5.根据氮吸收模型发现两个小麦品种施氮量为180 kg/hm2较适宜。两品种的氮营养指数随着施氮量的增加而上升,随小麦生育时期的推进呈波动状态,且2年变化趋势基本一致。在小麦整个生育时期,N0、N120处理的氮素营养指数均低于1,表明植株受氮素的制约;N240、N360处理的氮素营养指数均大于1,表明氮素供应充足;而N180处理的氮素营养指数一直在1附近波动,表明施氮量适宜。两年2个小麦品种均表现为随着施氮量的增加,产量显著提高,但是,当施氮量达到一定数量时产量不仅没有提高反而随着施氮量的增加而降低。6.2个品种相对茎基部硝酸盐含量随着氮素营养指数增长逐渐增长,除豫麦49-198越冬期和拔节期相对茎基部硝酸盐与氮素营养指数拟合度不显著外,其他均达到极显著水平;两个小麦品种的相对干物质累积表示为随NNI增长逐渐增长,且与NNI的方程决定系数(R2)到达极明显程度;两个小麦品种的相对产量表现为随NNI的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且YM49-198的NNI为1.05和0.97时,RY获得最大值,ZM16的NNI为0.92和0.95时,RY获得最大值。可见,通过N氮营养指数来评价小麦植株氮素营养状态的方式是正确及可行的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the difference between the nitrogen content and the yield and yield components of different genotypic wheat plants was studied with 10 genotypes of wheat in Yumai 49-198 and Zhou Mai 16 in Yuzhou, Henan, and the wheat varieties were classified into nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen according to the difference of nitrogen production efficiency and utilization efficiency of Wheat. Three kinds of wheat varieties with low nitrogen efficiency and 49-198 nitrogen low efficiency Yumai 49-198 were used to explore the variation of nitrogen concentration, population dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield of two different types of wheat under 5 nitrogen levels (pure nitrogen 0120180240360 kghm-2), and a nitrogen dilution curve model was established. And nitrogen nutrition index model, the relationship between nitrogen nutrition index and relative stem base nitrate, relative biomass and relative yield was analyzed. The feasibility of using wheat critical concentration dilution model to estimate wheat plant nitrogen profit and loss and diagnosis of wheat total nitrogen content was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. dry matter of wheat is tired. With the growth of the wheat growth period, the number of the fastest.10 Genotypic Wheat Population in the jointing period and the booting stage increased first and then decreased, and the nitrogen content of the.2.10 genotype wheat in the period of returning to the green period increased first and then decreased with the growth period. The trend was that the nitrogen content of the plant stem of the highest.10 genotype wheat reached the highest trend in the whole growth period in the whole growth period after 132d (returning green period). The nitrogen content of the leaves increased first and then decreased after the wheat sowing, and reached the highest in the 132d period after the wheat sowing, and the nitrate content in the stem base of wheat at each period was present. After the jointing period, the nitrate content in the stem base increased after the jointing stage. This was due to the cluster analysis of the nitrogen utilization ability of.3. in the jointing period. After the cluster analysis, it was divided into Huaimai 28, Yumai 49-198, Tai Xue 12, Pingan 8, Wen Mai 19, and nitrogen mid effect cultivar 1301, Fad 1, nitrogen low efficiency variety Long Ping 1302, Long Ping 9987, Zhou Mai 16. on this basis, selected nitrogen high effect wheat 49-198, nitrogen low efficiency week wheat 16 two wheat varieties to conduct in-depth study of.4. two Genotypic Wheat aboveground biomass increase with the increase of nitrogen application, N180, N240 and N360 treatments are not significant, but are significantly higher than N0 and N12 0 treatment. And satisfy the statistical significance of the inequality DM0DM120DM180=DM240=DM360. wheat critical nitrogen concentration and the upper biomass of the relation of power function. Through the regression estimation standard error analysis and the linear relationship between the simulated value and the true value, it is found that the simulated value and the true value have a higher coincidence. The release curve model has a good stability in the year, and can be used as a nitrogen nutrition diagnosis curve. With the growth of the biomass, the critical nitrogen absorption of wheat is increasing gradually, and with the increase of dry matter, the increasing trend of the critical nitrogen absorption gradually slows down.5. according to the nitrogen absorption model, it is found that the nitrogen application of two wheat varieties is 180 kg. The nitrogen nutrition index of two varieties increased with the increase of nitrogen application, fluctuated with the development of wheat growth period, and the 2 year change trend was basically the same. The nitrogen nutrition index of N0 and N120 treatment was lower than 1 during the whole growth period of wheat, indicating that the plant was restricted by nitrogen, and the nitrogen nutrition index of N240 and N360 treatment were all large. In 1, the nitrogen supply was sufficient, and the nitrogen nutrient index treated by N180 had been fluctuating near 1, indicating that the nitrogen application was suitable. The yield of 2 wheat varieties in two years showed a significant increase with the increase of nitrogen application, but when the amount of nitrogen was reached to a certain amount, the yield was not not not only improved but also decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and decreased by.6.2. The content of nitrate content in the relative stem base increased gradually with the growth of nitrogen nutrition index. Except in the winter and jointing period of Yumai 49-198, the fitting degree of nitrate and nitrogen nutrition index in the relative stem base was not significant. The relative dry matter accumulation of the two wheat varieties increased gradually with the growth of NNI, and with NNI The equation determining coefficient (R2) reached a very obvious degree. The relative yield of the two wheat varieties showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of NNI, and when NNI was 1.05 and 0.97 of YM49-198, RY obtained the maximum value, ZM16 NNI was 0.92 and 0.95, RY obtained the maximum value. The way of state is correct and feasible.

【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S512.1

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