水稻优良材料三种病虫抗性基因的聚合研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 04:31

本文选题：水稻 + 白叶枯病抗性　；参考：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：稻瘟病、白叶枯病、褐飞虱是水稻生产中的主要病虫害,一旦发生会造成水稻大幅度减产。研究表明培育并种植抗性品种是目前控制水稻病虫害最经济、环保的方法。相对于传统育种,分子标记辅助选择可大大缩短育种年限,提高育种效率。将多个抗性基因聚合到同一材料中,可提高水稻对病虫害的综合抗性。本研究利用传统杂交回交及相互杂交,并结合分子标记辅助选择技术(MAS)聚合水稻的四个病虫害抗性基因,主要是稻瘟病抗性基因Pi1、白叶枯病抗性基因Xa7和褐飞虱抗性基因Bph6、Bph9,获得了10类含有各类基因组合的材料,并对各类材料进行抗性鉴定和农艺性状分析,主要结果如下:(1)10类基因组合材料分别是:Pi1/Xa7/Bph6/Bph9四基因聚合系一份,Pi1/Xa7/Bph6、Pi1/Xa7/Bph9、Pi1/Bph6/Bph9、Xa7/Bph6/Bph9三基因聚合系四份和Pi1/Bph6、Pi1/Bph9、Xa7/Bph6、Xa7/Bph9、Bph6/Bph9两基因聚合系五份。病虫抗性鉴定结果表明,含有抗性基因pi1的材料对稻瘟病均表现出抗或中抗水平,含有抗性基因Xa7的材料对白叶枯病表现为高抗或抗级水平,仅含有Bph6或同时含有Bph6和Bph9的材料对褐飞虱表现出抗级水平,而仅含有Bph9的材料表现出中抗水平。将多个抗性基因聚合到同一材料中并未影响各基因的效应,仍可以表现出较强的抗性,而Bph6和Bph9之间并未表现出明显的加性效应或相互作用。(2)对10类材料的播始历期、株高、粒型、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株重等进行考察,结果表明,10类材料的播始历期均高于受体亲本,且达显著或极显著水平;籽粒长宽比均有不同程度的降低,结实率均显著或极显著降低,千粒重均极显著提高,平均有效穗数和单株产量差异不显著。(3)Pi1/Xa7/Bph6/Bph9四基因株系材料,对稻瘟病和褐飞虱表现为抗级水平,对白叶枯病表现为高抗水平。抽穗期株高和成熟期株高与受体亲本相当,籽粒长宽比、穗粒数和结实率极显著降低,千粒重极显著升高,有效穗数和单株产量差异不显著,综合性状表现优良。三基因聚合材料Pi1/Xa7/Bph6的稻瘟病抗性、白叶枯病抗性、褐飞虱抗性均表现为抗级水平,抽穗期株高显著低于受体亲本,粒型与受体亲本较为接近,结实率极显著降低,千粒重极显著升高,平均穗粒数和单株产量差异不显著,综合性状表现较好。Pi1/Xa7/Bph9的三基因聚合材料,其稻瘟病抗性、白叶枯病抗性、均表现为抗级水平,褐飞虱抗性表现为中抗水平,抽穗期株高显著低于受体亲本,籽粒长宽比显著降低,平均穗粒数差异不显著,结实率极显著降低,千粒重极显著升高,有效穗数和单株产量差异不显著,综合性状表现较好。
[Abstract]:Rice blast, bacterial blight and brown planthopper are the main pests in rice production. The research shows that breeding and planting resistant varieties is the most economical and environmentally friendly method to control rice diseases and insect pests. Compared with traditional breeding, molecular marker-assisted selection can greatly shorten breeding life and improve breeding efficiency. The comprehensive resistance of rice to diseases and insect pests can be improved by aggregating multiple resistance genes into the same material. In this study, the four pest and disease resistant genes of rice were polymerized by traditional backcrossing and mutual hybridization, and molecular marker-assisted selection technique (MASs). The rice blast resistance gene Pi1, the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa7 and the brown planthopper resistance gene Bph6 Bph9 were obtained. The main results are as follows: 1 / 10 gene-assemblage materials: 1 / Pi1 / Xa7 / Bph6 / Bph9 four-gene polymeric line, a single Pi1 / 1 / Xa7 / Bph6 / Pi1 / Bph7 / Pi1 / Bph9 / Pi1 / Bph6 / Bph9- Xa7 / Bph6Bph9 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 1 Bph6 / 7 / Bph6Xa7 / Bph6Bph9 gene polymerization system. The results of identification of disease and insect resistance showed that the materials containing the resistance gene pi1 showed high or moderate resistance to rice blast, and the materials containing the resistant gene Xa7 showed high resistance to bacterial blight or high level of resistance to bacterial blight. The materials containing only Bph6 or both Bph6 and Bph9 showed a level of resistance to brown planthopper, while those containing only Bph9 showed a moderate level of resistance to brown planthopper. Aggregation of multiple resistance genes into the same material did not affect the effect of each gene, but there was no obvious additive effect or interaction between Bph6 and Bph9. Grain type, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, weight per plant, etc., the results showed that the sowing duration of the 10 kinds of materials was higher than that of the recipient parents, and reached a significant or extremely significant level, and the ratio of grain length to width decreased in varying degrees. The seed setting rate was significantly decreased, the 1000-grain weight was significantly increased, and the average effective ear number and yield per plant were not significantly different. The resistance level to rice blast and brown planthopper was higher than that to bacterial blight, and the resistance level to rice blast and brown planthopper was higher than that of BPH / Bph6 / Bph9. The plant height at heading stage and plant height at maturity were similar to those of recipient parents, the ratio of grain length to width, the number of kernels per ear and seed setting rate were significantly decreased, the 1000-grain weight was significantly increased, the difference between effective panicle number and yield per plant was not significant, and the comprehensive characters were excellent. The rice blast resistance, bacterial blight resistance and brown planthopper resistance of the three gene polymeric materials Pi1/Xa7/Bph6 showed resistance level, plant height at heading stage was significantly lower than that of recipient parent, grain type was close to recipient parent, and seed setting rate was significantly decreased. The 1000-grain weight was significantly increased, the average grain number per spike and yield per plant were not significantly different. The three gene polymeric materials, I. e. Pi1 / Xa7 / Bph9, had a good comprehensive character. The rice blast resistance and bacterial blight resistance showed resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. The resistance of brown planthopper was medium resistant, the plant height at heading stage was significantly lower than that of recipient parent, the ratio of grain length to width was significantly decreased, the average number of grains per spike was not significant, the seed setting rate was significantly decreased, and the weight of 1000 grains was significantly increased. There was no significant difference between the number of effective panicles and yield per plant, but the comprehensive characters were better.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.11

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