基于微纳制造的下一代基因测序系统研究现状与展望

发布时间：2018-05-14 06:02

本文选题：基因测序 + 固态纳米孔　；参考：《中国科学:技术科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：基因是遗传的基本单元,是DNA或RNA分子上具有遗传信息的特定核苷酸序列,它不仅与生物体的生、老、病、死等一切生命现象直接相关,也是决定生命健康的内在因素,下一代基因测序仪的研制目标是希望能够将基因测序的成本大幅度降低,测序速度快速提高,推进基因组技术的个性化医学走向现实,基于固体纳米孔的基因测序是最有可能实现高通量的物理测序技术,但目前面临生物分子电信号的信噪比低、生物分子过孔速度太快以及生物分子在纳米孔内的输运规律缺失等挑战,设计多模式纳米孔传感器,通过多模式信号交叉对比,同时降低纳米孔长度等方法,是提高检测灵敏度的有效方法,借鉴生物纳米孔对DNA过孔速度的控制,利用磁场、声叉等外力场可以为单碱基的辨识奠定基础,当纳米通道的几何尺寸小于双电层厚度时,基于连续理论的泊松-玻尔兹曼方程和纳维-斯托克斯方程将面临挑战,建立纳通道内生物分子输运规律将丰富流体力学的研究内容。
[Abstract]:Gene is the basic unit of heredity. It is a specific nucleotide sequence with genetic information on DNA or RNA molecule. It is not only directly related to all life phenomena, such as life, old age, disease, death and so on, but also an internal factor that determines the health of life. The goal of the next generation gene sequencing instrument is to reduce the cost of gene sequencing greatly, to improve the speed of sequencing, and to push the personalized medicine of genome technology to reality. Gene sequencing based on solid nanoparticles is the most likely physical sequencing technology with high throughput, but it is faced with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of biomolecular electrical signals. In order to overcome the challenges such as the speed of biomolecules passing through the pore too fast and the loss of the transport law of biomolecules in the nano-pore, the multi-mode nano-pore sensor is designed, and the multi-mode signals are cross-compared, while the length of the nano-pore is reduced, and so on. It is an effective method to improve the detection sensitivity. By using the control of the DNA passing velocity by using the biological nano-pore, the magnetic field and the acoustic force-field can be used to establish the foundation for the identification of the single base. When the geometric size of the nanochannel is less than the thickness of the double electric layer, Poisson Boltzmann equation and Navier-Stokes equation based on continuum theory will be challenged.
【作者单位】：东南大学机械工程学院;江苏省微纳生物医疗器械设计与制造重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2011CB707605) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:51435003,51375092)资助项目
【分类号】：Q78

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