脂肪和蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大西洋鲑相关代谢酶和生长基因表达的影响

发布时间：2018-05-15 18:07

本文选题：脂肪 + 蛋白质　；参考：《中国水产科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：为探究主要脂肪和蛋白质水平对工业化养殖大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)成鱼脂肪相关代谢酶和生长相关基因表达的影响,本实验采用3×2双因素随机实验设计,设置3个脂肪水平:18%、21%、24%(分别以F18、F21、F24表示),2个蛋白质水平:38%、48%(分别以P38、P48表示)。组合为6个实验处理组,每组3个重复,每重复40尾鱼。实验在室内封闭循环水养殖系统中进行,实验鱼初始体重(650.0±45.50)g,实验期56 d。结果表明:(1)工业化养殖实验鱼的脂肪需求较国外深海网箱养殖明显降低,蛋白质需求相近。P48F21组增重率显著最佳,较其他各组提高22.23%~125.86%(P0.05);P48F24组饲料系数显著最低,较其他各组降低16.24%~30.00%(P0.05)。(2)单因素高脂肪显著提高肝体比(P0.05),高蛋白极显著降低肥满度(P0.01);P48F24组肝体比较其他各组显著提高10.92%~28.16%(P0.05),P48F18组肥满度较其他各组显著降低10.24%~12.31%(P0.05);并创新提出了600~900 g大西洋鲑形体营养调控初步方案。(3)单因素高、中脂肪显著提高肝脂肪分解酶(HL、LPL和总酯酶)活力,高蛋白显著提高LPL和总酯酶活力;P48F21和P48F24组饲粮显著提高肝脂肪分解酶活力,其中LPL活力比P38F18组分别提高46.51%、48.84%(P0.05)。实验处理主要对肝脂肪分解酶产生作用,显现了两组优良饲粮改善生长性能的脂肪生理代谢机制。(4)单因素中脂肪极显著增加肌肉和肝IGF-I基因表达量(P0.01);高蛋白极显著增加肌肉GH、IGF-I及肝IGF-I基因表达量(P0.01);GHR基因表达量,随脂肪或蛋白水平升高均有显著下降特征(P0.05)。P48F21和P48F24组试鱼肌肉GH、IGF-I及肝IGF-I基因表达量显著提高(P0.05),肌肉和肝GHR基因表达量显著降低(P0.05)。初步的新发现是,GH和IGF-I与GHR存在相互制约的负相关内在调控关系,以自身控制鱼类生长和生殖活动处于相对稳定和可控状态下。本研究初步确定,P48F21和P48F24组是工业化养殖大西洋鲑成鱼的主要营养素优良组合饲粮,其中以显著降低脂肪水平和饲料成本的P48F21组合饲粮更佳。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effects of major fat and protein levels on the expression of lipid-related metabolic enzymes and growth-related genes in industrial cultured Salmo Salar adult fish, a 3 脳 2 double-factor randomized trial was used in this study. Set up three levels of fat, 18, 21, and 24. (two protein levels, 38 and 48, respectively, in terms of F18, F21, F24, P38, P48, respectively. There were 6 experimental treatment groups, each group with 3 repeats and 40 fish per repeat. The experiment was carried out in an indoor closed and circulating water culture system. The initial body weight of the fish was 650.0 卤45.50 g, and the experimental period was 56 days. The results showed that the fat demand of industrialized cultured fish was significantly lower than that of foreign deep-sea cage culture, the weight gain rate of group P48F21 with similar protein requirement was the best, and the feed coefficient of group P48F24 was significantly lower than that of group 22.235.86, P0.05 and P48F24. Compared with the other groups, the single factor high fat significantly increased the liver-body ratio (P0.05), and the high protein level significantly decreased the liver body mass compared with the other groups. Compared with the other groups, the liver body in the P0.01 + P48F24 group increased significantly by 10.922 + 28.16% P0.05P48F18 (P 0.05), and the liver body weight of the other groups was significantly decreased by 10.24 g / L 12.31% P0.05g / L, and the liver body weight of the other groups was increased significantly (P 0.05%), and it was proposed that the liver body weight of the other groups was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P 0.05%). The primary nutrition control program of Atlantic salmon was high in single factor. LPL and total esterase) activity of liver adiposytic enzyme was significantly increased by medium fat, LPL and total esterase activity was significantly increased by high protein. The liver adipose lipase activity was significantly increased in the diet of P48F21 and P48F24 groups. The activity of LPL was 46.51% and 48.84% higher than that of P38F18 group, respectively. The effect of experimental treatment on hepatic lipase was studied. The results showed that the lipid physiological metabolic mechanism of improving growth performance of two groups of good diets. (4) in the single factor, fat significantly increased the expression of IGF-I gene in muscle and liver, and high protein increased the expression of IGF-I and IGF-I gene in muscle and liver. With the increase of fat or protein level, the expression of GH IGF-I gene and liver IGF-I gene in muscle and liver of P48F24 group were significantly increased, while the expression of GHR gene in muscle and liver decreased significantly (P 0.05). The preliminary findings are that there is a negative correlation between GH and IGF-I and GHR, and that the growth and reproductive activities of fish are controlled by themselves in a relatively stable and controllable state. In this study, we preliminarily determined that P48F21 and P48F24 groups were the main nutrient combination diets for the industrialized culture of adult Atlantic salmon, among which P48F21 diet, which significantly reduced fat level and feed cost, was better.
【作者单位】：中国科学院海洋研究所;中国科学院大学;中国科学院实验海洋生物学重点实验室海洋生态养殖技术国家地方联合工程实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(201113AD13B07) 大西洋鲑循环清洁生产系统研发与产业化资助项目(Y12316101H) 中国科学院院地合作项目(Y12530101L)
【分类号】：S917.4

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