基因编辑技术及其应用的研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-21 06:01

  本文选题：基因编辑 + 锌指核酸酶　； 参考：《中国畜牧兽医》2017年08期

【摘要】：基因编辑技术是一项对生物体内源基因进行精准定点修饰的技术,极大地推动了生命科学的发展进程,是目前生物科学研究领域应用最广泛的技术。基因编辑技术主要包括锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶(TALEN)和规律性重复短回文序列簇(CRISPR/Cas)。基因编辑技术可以特异性识别靶向序列,定点修饰靶向基因,进而深入研究目标基因的功能。基因编辑技术具有操作简便、作用效率高和脱靶率低等优势,因此广泛应用于生命科学研究、疾病模型的构建、药物研发以及农业生产等领域。作者主要介绍了ZFN、TALEN、CRISPR/Cas 3种新型基因编辑技术,综述了基因编辑技术在基因治疗、品种研发和改良、研究功能基因以及构建疾病动物模型等方面的应用,简要讨论了基因编辑技术与传统转基因技术之间的区别,并对基因编辑技术的应用前景进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Gene editing technology is a kind of technology which can modify the gene in vivo accurately. It has greatly promoted the development of life science and is the most widely used technology in the field of biological science research at present. Gene editing techniques include zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription-activator effector nuclease (TALEN) and regularly repeated short palindromes (CRISPRR / Casanum). Gene editing technique can specifically identify the target sequence and modify the target gene at a fixed point to further study the function of the target gene. Gene editing technology has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency and low miss rate, so it is widely used in life science research, disease model construction, drug development and agricultural production. In this paper, three new gene editing techniques, ZFNTALENN CRIS PR-Cas, are introduced. The applications of gene editing in gene therapy, variety development and improvement, functional gene research and animal models of disease are reviewed. The difference between gene editing technology and traditional transgenic technology is briefly discussed, and the application prospect of gene editing technology is prospected.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所基因与细胞工程室;
【基金】：国家转基因生物重大专项重大课题“节粮型高瘦肉率转基因猪新品种培育”(2016ZX08006-001)
【分类号】：Q78
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本文编号：1918034