水草对中华绒鳌蟹生长、营养品质及基因表达的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 16:50

本文选题：中华绒螯蟹 + 水草　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),俗称河蟹,是我国特有的水产经济生物。水草在中华绒螯蟹生长过程中起着重要作用,但水草对河蟹生长的影响及分子机制尚不得知。本文采用养殖生物学、分子生物学等研究手段,在室外池塘养殖条件下,以河蟹养殖中常用的伊乐藻作为实验变量,研究水草对河蟹生长、蜕壳、营养品质以及相关基因表达的影响。结果如下:一、伊乐藻对中华绒螯蟹生长和营养品质的影响以成蟹阶段的中华绒螯蟹为研究材料,分析了有伊乐藻组和对照组(无伊乐藻)中华绒螯蟹生长、肌肉、肝胰腺氨基酸和脂肪酸组成等方面的差异,探讨伊乐藻对中华绒螯蟹生长和营养品质的影响。结果显示,有伊乐藻组中华绒螯蟹体重、壳长、壳宽、增长率与肥满度均显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05),但肝胰腺指数和性腺指数差异不显著(P0.05)。伊乐藻组中华绒螯蟹肌肉的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05);伊乐藻组中雌蟹的肝胰腺中鲜味氨基酸含量也显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05),而伊乐藻组和无伊乐藻组的雄蟹肝胰腺氨基酸含量差异并不显著(P0.05)。伊乐藻组和无伊乐藻组的中华绒螯蟹肌肉脂肪酸组成和含量差异不显著(P0.05),但伊乐藻组中华绒螯蟹的肝胰腺饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量均显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05)。综上所述,伊乐藻不仅有利于中华绒螯蟹的生长,而且能够改善中华绒螯蟹的营养品质。二、转录组学分析水草对中华绒螯蟹的影响本章应用高通量测序技术,获得了有水草和无水草养殖环境下中华绒螯蟹肌肉、眼柄、肝胰腺和性腺组织混合样品的转录组数据。通过De novo拼接,共获得47167个河蟹转录本,其中33133个转录本能被NCBT-NR数据库注释,26792个转录本能被uniport数据库注释。基因差异表达分析发现,有水草和无水草河蟹转录组共鉴定出35个差异表达基因,其中13个基因在有水草河蟹中高表达,22个基因在无水草河蟹中高表达。GO功能富集结果表明,无水草河蟹中高表达基因主要是抑制ATP酶活性和对Wnt通路产生抑制的基因,而与无水草河蟹相比,有水草河蟹中高表达基因主要富集到与核糖体蛋白、肌球蛋白重链相关的基因,这些基因有利于河蟹的性腺发育、个体生长以及对环境的适应能力。初步研究表明,有水草与无水草养殖环境下的中华绒螯蟹存在差异表达基因,水草对中华绒螯蟹基因表达模式产生一定的影响,这为进一步研究水草对中华绒螯蟹生长、蜕壳和营养品质影响的分子作用机制提供了参考。三、水草对中华绒螯蟹生长、蜕壳和消化酶基因表达的影响本章以扣蟹阶段的中华绒螯蟹为实验材料,设置真水草组、假水草组与无水草组三个实验组,将扣蟹放入池塘网笼里养殖,其他环境条件保持一致,对第一次蜕壳与第二次蜕壳中华绒螯蟹的体重增重率、成活率、蜕壳周期以及相关消化酶基因表达进行统计对比,结果表明:经过第一次蜕壳,三组网笼中华绒螯蟹的体重增重率未出现显著差异(P0.05),而真水草组和假水草组的成活率明显高于无水草组。在第二次蜕壳后,有水草组和假水草组体重增重率、成活率以及肥满度都明显高于无水草组(P0.05),但真水草组和假水草组无明显差异(P0.05)。综合两个蜕壳周期的数据比较,发现三个实验组的平均蜕壳周期规律为真水草组假水草组无水草组(P0.05)。三个实验组的中华绒螯蟹肠道内消化酶基因表达量不存在显著的差异(P0.05)。综上所述,在同一水质环境下,水草对中华绒螯蟹影响主要表现为提高增重率、成活率和肥满度、缩短蜕壳周期,但对肠道内消化酶基因的表达没有显著影响。
[Abstract]:Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis), commonly known as crabs, is a unique aquatic economic organism in China. Water grass plays an important role in the growth of Eriocheir sinensis. However, the effects of water grass on the growth of the crab and its molecular mechanism are not yet known. The effects of water grass on the growth, molting, nutritional quality and related gene expression of Eriocheir crabs are studied as the experimental variables. The results are as follows: 1. The effects of eerella on the growth and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis were studied in the crab stage of Eriocheir sinensis. The effects of erella sinensis on the growth and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that the body weight, shell length, shell width, growth rate and fullness of Eriocheir sinensis were significantly higher than that of P0.05, but the hepatopancreatic index and the index of hepatopancreas were the same as that of Eriocheir sinensis. The difference in gonadal index was not significant (P0.05). The contents of amino acids, essential amino acids and fresh amino acids in the muscle of eriochee Eriocheir were significantly higher than that of the non eeralgal group (P0.05). The content of fresh amino acids in the hepatopancreas in the yeralga group was also significantly higher than that of the Eira group (P0.05), while the Eira group and the anira group were male. There was no significant difference in the content of amino acids in the hepatopancreas of the crab (P0.05). The composition and content of fatty acid in the muscle of Eriocheir sinensis was not significant (P0.05), but the content of hepatopancreanopancreatic saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polysaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in eriochee Eriocheir was significantly higher than that of no Iran P0.05. To sum up, irulina not only helps the growth of Eriocheir sinensis, but also improves the nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis. Two. The transcriptional analysis of the effect of water grass on Eriocheir sinensis by high throughput sequencing technology obtained the muscle, eye handle and liver pancreas of Eriocheir sinensis under the environment of aquaculture and aquaculture. A total of 47167 transcriptional books were obtained by De novo splicing, of which 33133 transcriptional instincts were annotated by NCBT-NR databases and 26792 transcriptional instincts were annotated by the uniport database. Gene differential expression analysis found that there were 35 differentially expressed groups in the transcriptional group of water grass and anaquawey river crab. Because of the high expression of 13 genes in the water and grass river crab, the high expression of the 22 genes in the Eriocheir crabs showed that the high expression gene was mainly the gene that inhibited the activity of the ATP enzyme and the inhibition of the Wnt pathway, but the high expression gene in the water grass river crab was mainly enriched with the.GO. Ribosome protein, myosin heavy chain related genes, these genes are beneficial to the gonadal development, individual growth and adaptation to the environment. Preliminary studies have shown that there are different expression genes in Chinese Eriocheir sinensis under the environment of aquaculture and aquaculture, and water grass has a certain influence on the gene expression pattern of Eriocheir sinensis. This provides a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of the effects of water grass on the growth, molting and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis. Three, the effects of water and grass on the growth, shingle and gene expression of digestive enzymes in Eriocheir sinensis In the experiment group, the buckle crab was put into the pond cage cage and the other environmental conditions were consistent. The weight gain rate, the survival rate, the molt cycle and the related digestive enzyme gene expression of the first molting and second shedding Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis were compared. The results showed that the weight gain of the three group of net caged Eriocheir crabs was increased after the first molting. There was no significant difference in the rate (P0.05), but the survival rate of the grasses and sham hay groups was significantly higher than that of the anhydrous grass group. After the second sheds, the weight gain rate, the survival rate and the fullness of the sham grass group were significantly higher than that of the anhydrous grass group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between the group of seagrass and the sham grass group (P0.05). The two shedding weeks were integrated. The average ECD cycle of the three experimental groups was found to be P0.05. There was no significant difference in the gene expression of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract of Eriocheir sinensis in the three experimental groups (P0.05). High weight gain rate, survival rate and fatness, shortened the molting cycle, but had no significant effect on the expression of digestive enzyme genes in the intestine.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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