转基因抗虫棉对根际土壤微生物的影响及其环境效应

发布时间：2018-06-03 22:12

本文选题：转基因抗虫棉 + 根际土壤　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：棉花作为我国种植面积最大的转基因作物,其对生态环境的潜在安全风险也越来越多的受到关注。已有实验结果证明,转基因抗虫棉对非靶标害虫和天敌存在不同程度的影响,但其对生态系统的其他影响尚未定论。土壤生态系统是作物物质、能量转换的场所,转基因作物的种植是否会对土壤生态系统产生影响,或产生什么程度的影响目前还处于研究阶段。本研究采用第二代高通量测序、酶联免疫法等对山东省推广种植的四个转基因抗虫棉品种进行研究,探讨其对根际土壤微生物、Bt蛋白残留量、速效养分含量等的影响,旨在为转基因抗虫棉对土壤生态系统潜在的风险评估提供科学依据,促进我国生物安全管理的健康发展。主要研究结果如下:(1)从总体上来看,转基因抗虫棉与其对照常规棉根际土壤微生物差异不显著。但因棉花品种的不同,也存在部分差异性。从生育期来看,苗期、蕾期棉花根际土壤微生物差异不显著,花铃期菌群丰富度明显下降,吐絮期明显上升。但也有小部分微生物物种与土壤微生物总体变化趋势不一致,其中拟杆菌Bacteroidetes在苗期、蕾期、花铃期的数量明显比吐絮期高,放线菌Actinobacteri 则相反。(2)转基因抗虫棉根际土壤Bt蛋白的含量在整个生育期呈现先升高后降低的趋势,最高含量出现在蕾期,最低含量出现在吐絮期。各生育期,转基因抗虫棉根际土壤Bt蛋白的含量均显著高于对照常规棉(P0.05)。(3)转基因抗虫棉根际土壤硝态氮含量在整个生育期呈下降趋势。其中,苗期、蕾期四个品种转基因抗虫棉根际土壤硝态氮含量均低于对照常规棉,花铃期因棉花品种不同存在差异,吐絮期则与对照常规棉差异不显著(P0.05)。转基因抗虫棉根际土壤铵态氮含量在整个生育期呈下降趋势。其中,苗期四个品种转基因抗虫棉根际土壤铵态氮均与对照常规棉差异不显著(P0.05),蕾期、花铃期则显著低于对照常规棉(P0.05),吐絮期仅鑫秋4号显著高于对照常规棉(P0.05),其他转基因品种均与对照常规棉差异不显著(P0.05)。转基因抗虫棉根际土壤速效磷含量在整个生育期呈上升趋势。其中,仅蕾期、吐絮期的鲁棉研28号和苗期的鲁棉研36号根际土壤速效磷含量显著高于对照常规棉(P0.05),其他品种、其他生育期均差异不显著(P0.05)。总的来说,转基因抗虫棉对根际土壤微生物的影响不显著,少数微生物物种的差异只出现在某些棉花品种、某一个时期,并未在整个生育期持续出现。生育期是影响根际土壤微生物变化的主要因素,其次是棉花品种。棉花根际土壤中Bt蛋白残留量,硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷含量均主要受生育期和转基因抗虫棉种植的影响,此外,棉花品种也是对其产生影响的因素之一。
[Abstract]:As the largest transgenic crops planted in our country, the potential security risks for the ecological environment are becoming more and more concerned. The experimental results have proved that the transgenic insect resistant cotton has different influence on the non target pests and natural enemies, but the other effects on the ecosystem have not been determined. The soil ecosystem is the crop. In this study, second generations of high throughput sequencing and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to study four transgenic insect resistant cotton varieties cultivated in Shandong province by high throughput sequencing and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The influence of soil microorganism, Bt protein residue and available nutrient content, is aimed at providing scientific basis for the potential risk assessment of transgenic insect resistant cotton to the soil ecosystem and promoting the healthy development of biosafety management in China. The main results are as follows: (1) in general, transgenic insect resistant cotton and its control conventional cotton rhizosphere soil The differences of soil microbes were not significant. However, there were some differences due to different varieties of cotton. From the growth period, the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere soil of cotton was not significant at the seedling stage and bud stage, the abundance of the flora in the flower and boll stage decreased obviously, and the opening period of the cotton rose obviously. The number of Bacteroidetes in the seedling stage, bud stage and flower bell stage was higher than that of the spout period, and the actinomycetes Actinobacteri was the opposite. (2) the content of Bt protein in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic insect resistant cotton showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease, the highest content appeared in the bud stage, the lowest content appeared in the opening period. The content of Bt protein in the rhizosphere soil of the insect resistant cotton was significantly higher than that of the control conventional cotton (P0.05). (3) the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of the transgenic cotton was decreased in the whole growth period, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of the four transgenic cotton varieties at the seedling stage and the bud stage were lower than that of the control conventional cotton, and the cotton variety was poor in the flower bell stage. The difference was not significant (P0.05) with the control conventional cotton (P0.05). The ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic insect resistant cotton showed a downward trend in the whole growth period, and the ammonium nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of the four transgenic cotton seedlings was not significantly different from that of the control conventional cotton (P0.05), while the bud stage was significantly lower than that of the control conventional cotton (P0.05). Only Xin Qiu No. 4 was significantly higher than the control conventional cotton (P0.05), and the other transgenic varieties were not significantly different from the control conventional cotton (P0.05). The content of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic insect resistant cotton showed an upward trend throughout the whole growth period. Significantly higher than the control of conventional cotton (P0.05), other varieties, other growth periods were not significantly different (P0.05). Generally, the effect of transgenic insect resistant cotton on rhizosphere soil microbes was not significant, the difference of a few microbiological species only appeared in some cotton varieties, a certain time period, not in the whole growth period. The main factors of soil microbial change, followed by cotton varieties, Bt protein residues in cotton rhizosphere soil, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus content are mainly affected by the growth period and transgenic insect resistant cotton cultivation, in addition, cotton varieties are also one of the factors that affect them.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S562

【相似文献】