北方寒区半番鸭生产性能测定及肉质相关基因mRNA表达规律分析

发布时间：2018-06-14 19:13

本文选题：半番鸭 + 生产性能　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：遗传基础是影响动物体生长发育的重要因素之一,配套系育种已经成为选育优质品种的重要手段之一。鸭的生长性能测定和肉质相关基因的表达水平测定是评估鸭种优良与否的有效方法。吉林本地鸭具有产蛋能力强、抗病抗寒能力强,生长缓慢、饲料报酬低等特点。番鸭属于外来物种,主要分布在南美洲和中美洲热带地区,品种引入后大多在南方饲养,是优质的肉用鸭,具有生长速度快、瘦肉率高等特点,但产蛋少、繁殖能力差、抗寒能力差,引入北方饲养气候是最大的制约因素,因此选择适合本地气候且生长速度较快的肉鸭是目前亟待解决的问题。选择吉林本地鸭与番鸭杂交(父本为番鸭,母本为本地鸭)获得半番鸭,选择番鸭、本地鸭、半番鸭各50只,分开饲喂,试验周期为70天,进行生长性能和屠宰性能比较研究,以期选出适合北方生长的优质肉鸭。并采用荧光定量PCR技术对TDG、FABP4、MSTN、MyoD1四种与肉质相关的基因进行mRNA表达量分析,结果如下:(1)生长性能番鸭和半番鸭的生长速度大于本地鸭,1-3周龄半番鸭体重极显著高于番鸭体重(P0.01)。半番鸭在0-3周和8-10周的日增重高于番鸭,虽然在4-7周低于番鸭,但是半番鸭的体重在10周接近番鸭体重。(2)屠宰性能半番鸭的屠宰率、全净膛率和腿肌率均极显著高于番鸭(P0.01)。(3)TDG、FABP4、MSTN和MyoD1基因在肌肉中的mRNA表达水平分析TDG基因表达量在番鸭中最高,与半番鸭和本地鸭差异极显著(P0.01),本地鸭与半番鸭差异不显著(P0.05);FABP4基因在本地鸭中mRNA表达量最高,与半番鸭和番鸭差异极显著(P0.01),番鸭与半番鸭差异不显著(P0.05);三个品种间MSTN基因表达量均差异极显著(P0.01),番鸭的表达量最高,半番鸭表达量最低;番鸭MyoD1基因表达量与半番鸭和本地鸭差异极显著(P0.01),本地鸭的和半番鸭差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,番鸭的生长速度虽然在某一生长阶段比半番鸭快,但实验结束时二者差异不显著,半番鸭在屠宰性能方面优于番鸭,且适合北方的气候,鸭雏容易获得。与肉质相关的基因TDG、FABD4、MSTN、MyoD1基因在三个品种鸭腿肌中均有表达,但不同的基因在不同品种中表达量存在差异。
[Abstract]:Genetic basis is one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of animals and plants. The determination of growth performance and the expression level of flesh-related genes are effective methods to evaluate the quality of duck breeds. Jilin local duck has the characteristics of strong laying ability, strong resistance to cold and disease, slow growth, low feed remuneration and so on. Muscovy duck is an alien species, mainly distributed in tropical regions of South America and Central America. After introduction, Muscovy duck is mostly raised in the south. Muscovy duck is a kind of high-quality meat duck with the characteristics of fast growth and high lean meat rate, but it lays fewer eggs and has poor breeding ability. Cold resistance is poor, the introduction of northern breeding climate is the biggest constraint factor, so the choice of suitable local climate and fast growth of meat duck is the problem to be solved. Jilin native duck was selected to cross with muscovy duck (male parent was muscovy duck, female parent was native duck), muscovy duck was selected, and muscovy duck, local duck and muscovy duck were selected. The experiment period was 70 days, and the growth performance and slaughter performance were compared. With a view to selecting the North for the growth of high-quality meat duck. FQ-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression of four genes related to meat quality. The results were as follows: (1) the growth rate of muscovy duck and muscovy duck was significantly higher than that of local muscovy duck at 1-3 weeks of age. The daily gain of muscovy duck at 0-3 weeks and 8-10 weeks was higher than that of muscovy duck, although it was lower than that of muscovy duck at 4-7 weeks, but the body weight of half muscovy duck was close to that of muscovy duck at 10 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of MSTN and MyoD1 genes in muscovy duck were significantly higher than those in muscovy duck (P 0.01) and leg muscle. The expression of TDG gene was the highest in muscovy duck, and the mRNA expression level of MSTN and MyoD1 gene in muscovy duck was higher than that in muscovy duck. There was a significant difference between the local duck and the half muscovy duck (P 0.01), but the difference between the local duck and the half muscovy duck was not significant. The expression of FABP4 gene was the highest in the native duck. The difference between muscovy duck and muscovy duck was very significant (P0.01), but the difference between muscovy duck and muscovy duck was not significant (P0.05A), the expression of MSTN gene was significantly different among the three breeds, the expression of MSTN gene was the highest in muscovy duck and the lowest in semi-muscovy duck. The expression of MyoD1 gene in muscovy duck was significantly different from that in semi-muscovy duck and native duck, but there was no significant difference between local duck and semi-muscovy duck. In conclusion, the growth rate of muscovy duck was faster than that of semi-muscovy duck at a certain growth stage, but there was no significant difference between the two at the end of the experiment. The performance of muscovy duck was superior to that of muscovy duck in slaughtering performance, and the ducklings were suitable for the northern climate, and the ducklings were easy to obtain. The meat quality related gene (TDGG) FABD4 (MSTN) MyoD1 gene was expressed in the leg muscle of three breeds, but the expression levels of different genes were different in different varieties.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S834

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