黄淮麦区小麦种质资源矮秆基因分布及其与农艺性状的关系

发布时间：2018-06-15 00:56

本文选题：普通小麦 + 矮秆基因　；参考：《麦类作物学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：为了进一步阐明多个矮秆基因的分布及其与小麦农艺性状的关系,运用分子标记对来自我国黄淮麦区的246份小麦种质资源中6个矮秆基因位点(Rht1、Rht2、Rht4、Rht8、Rht9及Rht12)分别进行了检测,同时连续3年调查参试材料株高、穗长、穗下节长、小穗数、旗叶长、旗叶宽、穗粒数、粒长、粒宽和千粒重共10个农艺性状,分析了不同矮秆基因位点对小麦农艺性状的影响。结果表明,6个矮秆基因在黄淮麦区小麦中均具有广泛分布,其中含有Rht1和Rht2基因的小麦品种分布最广。分析矮秆基因位点对小麦农艺性状的影响发现,在Rht1位点,Rht1-B1a和Rht1-B1b两种基因型间的株高没有显著差异;在Rht2位点,拥有Rht2-D1b类型的小麦品种所有年份间的株高和穗下节长较低,但千粒重较高,为相对优良的基因型。排除Rht1和Rht2基因效应后,Rht4、Rht8、Rht9和Rht12位点对黄淮麦区小麦品种不同农艺性状均具有重要影响,其中,Rht4基因位点主要对小麦株高和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht4-B1b类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht8基因位点主要对小麦穗下节长、穗长和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht8-D1b类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht9基因位点主要对小麦株高和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht9-A1a类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht12基因位点主要对小麦千粒重和穗长具有重要影响,且Rht12-A1a类型为相对优良的基因型。进一步分析发现,6个位点中对株高影响最大的是Rht2基因,其次是Rht4基因;有4个位点(Rht1、Rht2、Rht8、Rht12)对千粒重有显著影响,其中Rht2基因的影响最大。分析除Rht1外其他5个位点优良基因型在不同时期小麦品种中的分布发现,从早期历史品种、近期历史品种到现代品种,不同位点优良基因型分布比例总体呈现上升趋势,表明优良矮秆基因型在黄淮麦区小麦品种选育中的利用逐渐增加,尤其是82.9%的现代小麦品种已含有Rht2-D1b类型。
[Abstract]:In order to further elucidate the distribution of several dwarf genes and their relationship with wheat agronomic characters, six dwarf gene loci (Rht1, Rht2, Rht4, Rht8, Rht9 and Rht12) in 246 wheat germplasm resources from Huanghuai wheat region were detected by molecular markers. Ten agronomic characters including plant height, ear length, subear node length, spikelet number, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, grain number per ear, grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight were investigated for 3 consecutive years. The effects of different dwarf gene loci on agronomic characters of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that all of the 6 dwarf genes were widely distributed in Huang-Huai wheat region, and the wheat varieties with RhT1 and Rht2 genes were the most widely distributed. It was found that there was no significant difference in plant height between Rht1-B1a and Rht1-B1b genotypes at Rht1 locus, but at Rht2 locus, the plant height and subpanicle length of wheat varieties with Rht2-D1b type were lower in all years. But 1000-grain weight was higher, and it was a relatively good genotype. After excluding the effects of Rht1 and Rht2 genes, the Rh t4 Rht8 Rht9 and Rht12 loci had important effects on the different agronomic characters of wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat region, among which the rh t4 loci mainly affected the plant height and 1000-grain weight of wheat. Moreover, Rht8 gene loci with relatively good Rht4-B1b genotype mainly affected the length of subear node, ear length and 1000-grain weight of wheat, and Rht9 gene loci with relatively good Rht8-D1b genotype mainly affected wheat plant height and 1000-grain weight. Moreover, Rht9-A1a genotypes were relatively good genotypes, and Rht12-A1a genotypes were relatively good genotypes, which mainly affected 1000-grain weight and ear length of wheat, and Rht12-A1a genotypes were relatively good genotypes. It was found that Rht2 gene was the most important one, followed by Rht4 gene, and Rht1, Rht2, Rht8, Rht12) had significant effect on 1000-grain weight, among which Rht2 gene had the greatest effect on 1000-grain weight. The distribution of superior genotypes at five loci except Rht1 in wheat varieties at different stages was analyzed. It was found that the distribution ratio of superior genotypes at different loci showed an overall upward trend from early historical varieties, recent historical varieties to modern varieties. The results showed that the utilization of superior dwarf genotypes in the breeding of wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat region was increasing, especially 82.9% of the modern wheat varieties had Rht2-D1b type.
【作者单位】：河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD101802) 河南省科技创新杰出青年基金项目(174100510001) 河南省重大科技专项(161100110500) 河南省高校科技创新团队项目(14IRTSTHN010)
【分类号】：S512.1

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