小兴安岭及张广才岭地区黄菠萝基因资源收集及繁殖技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 17:45

本文选题：黄菠萝 + 基因资源　；参考：《东北林业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄菠萝(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)是黑龙江省三大硬阔叶树种之一,由于其具有药用和木材双重价值而被大量砍伐,导致资源量锐减,现已被列为国家一级珍贵树种、国家2级保护树种和易危物种,在黑龙江省主要分布于小兴安岭以南的山区。黄菠、萝生长缓慢,成材年限长,因此资源恢复难度极大。本研究就是通过调查与收集黄菠萝种质资源,开展黄菠萝快繁技术研究,建立黄菠萝种源、家系基因收集区,为黄菠萝的遗传改良与种质创新打下坚实的基础,对提高我国黄菠萝育种的效率,促进黄菠萝育种的可持续发展有重要意义。1、黄菠萝种质资源收集及优良种源、家系选择研究开展了黄菠萝优树的选择标准研究,黄菠萝优树的选择标准为树冠匀称,侧枝较细,冠幅较窄,顶端优势强,自然整枝较好；无病虫害,无机械损伤,无大的死节和枯梢,无分权现象；能正常结实,生长迅速,形体高大。数量指标标准为优树平均树高或胸径高于林分平均树高或胸径的1/2倍标准差。针对四个种源的种子开展了种子性状变异研究,研究结果为：不同黄菠萝种源种子长度、种子长宽比差异显著,均存在变异,种子宽度无显著差异；黄菠萝不同种源种子质量存在极显著变异,林口种源种子千粒质量最大,哈尔滨种源种子千粒质量最小。开展了实生苗繁育1、2年生苗期生长变异研究,结果表明：黑龙江省黄菠萝采种最佳时期为9月15日-25日；种子处理采用雪藏处理；黄菠萝育苗中的播种量在垄作或床作时,播种系数为4.0；黄菠萝的育苗密度为,在垄作中以60～70株/m为优,而床作中以80～90株/m2为优；定向培育用苗应选择S2.0型Ⅰ、Ⅱ级苗木。黄菠萝不同种源子代1年生播种苗的高生长、地径生长均无明显差异,双鸭山种源子代地径生长相对较好；黄菠萝不同种源子代2年生播种苗的高生长差异显著,地径生长无明显差异。兴隆、哈尔滨、双鸭山种源子代苗高、地径生长相对较好,林6、林7、林8、兴1、兴2家系子代苗期生长较为突出,可以作为优良的遗传资源加以保护和利用。另外,开展了10年生黄菠萝种源、家系变异及选择研究,结果表明：黄菠萝10年生三个种源试验林均生长良好,不同种源间生长差异显著,林口种源生长较好。三个种源内存在丰富的变异,树高、胸径变异最大的均为带岭种源；17个黄菠萝家系苗高、胸径差异显著,苗高、胸径前5名家系均为林口种源,与当地种源有关。2、黄菠萝无性快繁技术研究开展了黄菠萝组培、嫁接、扦插等无性繁殖技术研究,结果表明：取材部位不同芽的诱导频率也不相同,胚轴最容易诱导,其次是茎尖和子叶,茎段和叶片较难诱导；黄菠萝嫁接最佳的方法是劈接,嫁接的最佳时间是4月下旬至5月上旬,嫁接的砧木高度为6～8cm为宜；黄菠萝嫩枝扦插采条时间以7月下旬为宜,最适宜采用蛭石为栽培基质,试验范围内IBA500ppm、NAA各浓度对黄菠萝生根有较好的促进作用。3、黄菠萝基因评比保存林营建技术研究开展了黄菠萝基因评比保存林营建技术研究,研究结果为：基因评比保存林营建要考虑地点、立地条件,确定合理的密度,植苗方法、抚育措施。营建基因评比保存林2处,面积2.6公顷。
[Abstract]:Yellow pineapple (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) is one of the three hard broadleaved tree species in Heilongjiang province. Because of its double value of medicinal and wood, it has been deforestation, which has led to a sharp decline in the amount of resources. It has been listed as a national first class precious tree species, the national 2 class protected species and the vulnerable species. In Heilongjiang Province, it is mainly distributed in the south of the small Xingan ridge. In this study, the rapid propagation of yellow pineapple germplasm resources, the study of yellow pineapple rapid propagation technology, the establishment of the source of yellow pineapple and the family gene collection area, has laid a solid foundation for the genetic improvement and Germplasm Innovation of yellow pineapple, and the improvement of yellow pineapple in China. Breeding efficiency, promoting the sustainable development of yellow pineapple breeding has important significance.1, yellow pineapple germplasm resources collection and excellent provenance, family selection study carried out the selection standard of yellow pineapple superior tree. The selection criteria for the top tree of yellow pineapple are uniform crown, narrow side branch, narrow crown width, strong top advantage, good natural branching, no diseases and insects. No damage, no mechanical damage, no large dead and shoot, no decentralization; it can be normal and grow rapidly, and the shape is tall. The standard of the number index is the average tree height or the diameter of the chest is higher than the average tree height of the stand or the 1/2 times of the breast diameter. The seed character variation of the seeds of the four species is studied. The results are the different yellow pineapple The seed length, the seed length width ratio difference was significant, the seed width had no significant difference, the seed quality of different provenances of yellow pineapple had the very significant variation, the thousand seed quality was the largest, and the 1000 seeds of Harbin provenance were the least. The study on the growth and variation of the seedling growth of the Harbin seedlings was carried out. The results showed that: The best harvest time of yellow pineapple harvest in Heilongjiang province is September 15th -25 day, and the seed treatment is treated with snow. The seeding coefficient is 4 when the seeding amount is in ridge or bed. The seedling density of yellow pineapple is 60~70 in the ridge culture and 80~90 /m2 in the bed. The S2.0 type should be selected for the directional cultivation. The height growth of 1 year sowing seedlings of different source progeny of yellow pineapple and pineapple is not obviously different, the growth of the ground diameter of the seed generation in Shuangyashan is relatively good, and the height growth difference of the 2 year sowing seed seedlings of different source progeny of yellow pineapple is remarkable, and the growth of the ground diameter is not obviously different. The height of the seed generation of Harbin and Shuangyashan is high and the ground diameter is high. The growth of forest 6, forest 7, forest 8, Xing 1 and Xing 2 are more prominent, which can be used as excellent genetic resources for protection and utilization. In addition, the 10 year old pineapple seed source, family variation and selection study have been carried out. The results show that the three species source test forests of the 10 year old yellow pineapple trees grow well and the growth differences among different provenances are different. Obviously, the growth of the provenance of the forest is good. The three sources are in the rich variation, the height of the tree and the largest variation in the diameter of the DBH are the provenances of the mountain; the 17 pedigree of the yellow pineapple family is high, the DBH difference is significant and the seedling height is high. The 5 families of the first families of the DBH are all the origin of the tree, and the.2 is related to the local provenance, and the study of the Huang Bo pineapple rapid propagation technology has carried out the tissue culture and grafting of the pineapple. The results showed that the induction frequency of different shoots was different, the hypocotyl was the most easy to induce, followed by the stem tip and cotyledon, and the stem segments and leaves were difficult to induce. The best method for grafting of yellow pineapple was from late April to early May, and the height of the grafted rootstock was 6 ~ 8cm. It is appropriate that the cuttage time of young pineapple twig cuttings is suitable for the late July, the best use of vermiculite as the cultivation matrix, IBA500ppm and NAA concentration in the test range have a good promoting effect on the rooting of pineapple (pineapple).3. To evaluate the site, site conditions, reasonable density, planting method, and nurture measures, the gene evaluation of conservation forest camps should be built, and the construction gene is compared to 2 preservation forests, with an area of 2.6 hectares.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S792.31

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