基于功能基因的微生物碳循环分子生态学研究进展

发布时间：2018-08-16 15:30

【摘要】：碳循环是生态系统中重要的生物地球化学元素循环之一。微生物参与碳固定、甲烷代谢、碳降解等多个重要的碳循环过程,深入了解微生物群落在碳循环过程中的功能和作用,有助于获悉微生物对全球气候变化的响应、适应和反馈机制,这也是微生物生态学研究的关键问题之一。传统的研究多集中于微生物分离培养技术,无法覆盖绝大部分未培养微生物,并且无法深入解析碳循环过程中微生物群落的结构和功能,宏基因组学技术的出现克服了这些缺陷,成为研究微生物群落结构和功能的有效手段。本文对目前宏基因组学的主要技术——定量PCR、DNA分子指纹图谱、基因芯片、克隆文库和高通量测序等技术进行了简要介绍,着重介绍了参与碳固定、甲烷生成和氧化、碳降解等主要碳循环过程的关键功能基因的研究现状,最后对碳循环过程中微生物宏基因组学研究的未来发展进行了总结与展望。
[Abstract]:Carbon cycle is one of the important biogeochemical elements in ecosystem. Microbes participate in many important carbon cycle processes, such as carbon fixation, methane metabolism, carbon degradation and so on. Understanding the function and function of microbial community in carbon cycle is helpful to understand the response of microbes to global climate change. Adaptation and feedback mechanism, which is also one of the key issues in microbial ecology. The traditional research focuses on microbial isolation and culture technology, which can not cover most of uncultured microorganisms, and can not deeply analyze the structure and function of microbial community during the carbon cycle. The emergence of macrogenomics overcomes these defects and becomes an effective means to study the structure and function of microbial community. In this paper, the main techniques of macrogenomics, such as quantitative PCR DNA fingerprinting, gene chip, clone library and high throughput sequencing, are briefly introduced, with emphasis on carbon fixation, methane generation and oxidation. The research status of key functional genes in carbon degradation and other major carbon cycle processes is reviewed. Finally, the future development of microorganism macrogenomics in carbon cycle is summarized and prospected.
【作者单位】：中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院;大连理工大学环境学院工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFC0500702) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(No.XDB15010302);中国科学院百人计划项目~~
【分类号】：Q93

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