不同基因型小麦抗旱生理特性及综合评价

发布时间：2018-11-04 10:59

【摘要】：干旱是制约农业发展的主要逆境要素之一,受其影响粮食大幅度减产,水资源短缺已成为我国北方小麦高产稳产的主要限制因素。本论文以8个不同小麦品种为材料,研究了小麦苗期在聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫下根长度相对增长率、根表面积相对增长率、根直径相对增长率等3个指标的变化,并以这3个指标作为3个变量对8个不同小麦品种进行聚类分析。利用全生育期自然干旱胁迫法,测定了8个不同小麦品种的16个农艺性状指标、生理指标和光合性状相关指标,分析了干旱胁迫下不同小麦品种抗旱性的差异。在此基础上,通过主成分分析法找出了适合鉴定小麦抗旱性的4个主成分指标。主要结果如下:1、在苗期使用质量浓度为200 g/L的PEG-6000对8个抗旱性不同的小麦品种模拟干旱,研究其根系生长变化情况,结果发现:周麦22、华育198、周麦16、百农207、洛旱7号、百农AK58和百农64在PEG-6000干旱胁迫下根长度相对增长率、根表面积相对增长率均为正值,即在PEG-6000干旱胁迫下根生长受到抑制,其中百农64、百农AK58、洛旱7号、百农207在干旱胁迫下根长度相对增长率、根表面积相对增长率变化较小,表明其抗旱性较强;周麦18的根长度相对生长率、根表面积相对增长率均为负值,表明经PEG-6000处理后,周麦18根系生长反而加快,可能与周18的品种特性有关;8个小麦品种根系直径相对增长率均为负值,表明受到干旱胁迫后促进小麦根系直径生长;通过聚类分析把8个品种分为四类:第一类包括百农AK58与百农64;第二类包括百农207、洛旱7号、周麦16;第三类包括华育198和周麦22;第四类包括周麦18。2、在小麦成熟后进行室内考种,测定其在干旱胁迫和对照条件下的农艺形状指标,结果发现:8个抗旱性不同的小麦品种在大田干旱胁迫下各农艺性状指标均下降,但下降幅度不同,下降幅度最大的是产量性状,下降幅度最小的是株高性状;根据干旱胁迫下不同品种的抗旱指数得出,抗旱指数高的品种依次为百农AK58、周麦22、百农207,分别为0.96、0.94、0.90。3、采集在干旱胁迫和对照条件下的8个不同小麦品种孕穗期的的旗叶,对其进行SOD、POD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量指标进行测定,结果发现:8个抗旱性不同的小麦品种受到干旱胁迫后引起旗叶SOD、POD、CAT活性下降。其中华育198在干旱胁迫下SOD活性下降最大,而百农207和百农AK58的SOD活性下降较小;8个品种POD活性下降幅度差异不大;CAT活性下降最大的是华育198,下降最小的是洛旱7号;8个小麦品种旗叶的可溶蛋白含量在干旱胁迫下同样呈下降趋势,洛旱7号下降幅度最小,华育198下降幅度最大,干旱胁迫下百农AK58和百农207可溶性蛋白含量较高。4、使用叶绿素荧光仪对小麦旗叶荧光参数进行测定,结果表明:干旱胁迫下8个小麦品种Fo均有不同程度增加,其中华育198的Fo增加较多,即对其光合反应中心破坏程度较大,而洛旱7号增加幅度较小,即对其光合反应中心破坏程度较小;8个小麦品种在干旱胁迫后其Fm降低,但降低幅度不同,周麦18和百农AK58下降幅度较小,华育198的Fm下降幅度较大;干旱胁迫下8个小麦品种Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm均有所下降,Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm下降幅度较大的是华育198、周麦22、洛旱7号,表明干旱胁迫下其光合效率受到抑制。5、采用主成分分析法对8个抗旱性不同小麦品种的株高、穗长、旗叶长、旗叶宽等16个性状进行主成分分析,获得4个鉴定小麦抗旱性的主成分指标,分别是千粒重、亩穗数、过氧化氢酶、旗叶长。
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the main factors restricting the development of agriculture, which is influenced by the large grain output and the shortage of water resources has become the main limiting factor of high and stable yield of wheat in northern China. The relative growth rate of root length, the relative growth rate of root surface area and the relative growth rate of root diameter were studied in wheat seedling stage under simulated drought stress of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). The cluster analysis of 8 different wheat varieties was carried out with 3 variables as three variables. Sixteen agronomic characters, physiological indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of 8 different wheat varieties were determined by natural drought stress method in the whole growing period, and the difference of drought resistance of different wheat varieties under drought stress was analyzed. On the basis of this, four main component indexes suitable for identifying drought resistance of wheat were found through principal component analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. In seedling stage, PEG-6000 with a mass concentration of 200g/ L was used to simulate drought in 8 wheat varieties with different drought resistance, and the changes of root system growth were studied. The relative growth rate of root length and the relative growth rate of root surface area under PEG-6000 drought stress were positive, that is, root growth was inhibited under the drought stress of PEG-6000, among which, the relative growth rate of root length was increased under drought stress. The relative growth rate of root surface area was relatively small, indicating that its drought resistance was strong; the relative growth rate of root length and the relative growth rate of root surface area were negative, indicating that after PEG-6000 treatment, the growth of root system was accelerated, possibly related to the variety characteristic of week 18; The relative growth rate of root diameter of eight wheat varieties was negative, indicating that the growth of root diameter of wheat was promoted after drought stress, and eight varieties were divided into four groups by cluster analysis. The third group consists of Chinese Yuyu 198 and Zhou M22; the fourth group includes the week wheat 18. 2, the indoor test species are conducted after the wheat is mature, and the agronomic shape indexes under drought stress and control conditions are determined, The results showed that the indexes of agronomic characters of wheat varieties with different drought resistance were all lower in field drought stress, but the decline was different, the maximal yield character and the lowest amplitude were the high traits, and the drought resistance index of different varieties under drought stress was obtained. The indexes of SOD, POD, CAT activity and soluble protein content of eight different wheat varieties under drought stress and control conditions were determined by the flag leaves at booting stage of 8 different wheat varieties under drought stress and control conditions. The results showed that the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in flag leaves was decreased after drought stress. Under drought stress, the activity of SOD decreased to the maximum, while the activity of SOD decreased slightly, and the difference between POD activity and CAT activity was not significant. The soluble protein content of eight wheat varieties flag leaf was also decreased under drought stress, the lower amplitude of Luohan 7 was the lowest, the decreasing amplitude of Hua Yu 198 was the largest, and the soluble protein content of Baiannong AK58 and Baiann207 was higher under drought stress. The fluorescence parameters of wheat flag leaf were determined by chlorophyll fluorometer. The results showed that there was an increase in Fo of eight wheat varieties under drought stress, and the number of Fo increased more in China, that is, the degree of damage to photosynthetic reaction center was larger, and the increase of Ldrought 7 was smaller. That is, the degree of damage to the photosynthetic reaction center was small, and the yield of the eight wheat varieties decreased after drought stress, but the decreasing amplitude was different, the decreasing amplitude of the weekly wheat 18 and the hundred peasants AK58 was small, and the yield of the wheat cultivars in China was greatly reduced. The Fv/ Fo and Fv/ Fm of the eight wheat varieties were decreased under drought stress. The decrease of Fv/ Fo and Fv/ Fm was significantly higher than that of F/ F and Fv/ Fm, which indicated that the photosynthetic efficiency was inhibited under drought stress. The main component analysis was used to analyze the 16 characters of 8 drought-resistant wheat varieties with different drought resistance, spike length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width. Four main component indexes for identifying drought resistance of wheat were obtained: 1000-grain weight, number of ears per mu, catalase and leaf length of flag leaf.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S512.1

【相似文献】