CD47基因缺失对血管新生及招募巨噬细胞的影响及作用机制的研究
发布时间:2018-11-14 20:19
【摘要】:背景:肿瘤由原位损伤发展为侵袭性、转移性疾病的进展过程中血管新生起到了关键的作用,该机制为抗血管生成治疗的发展提供了理论基础。血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)A通过结合及激活酪氨酸激酶受体血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGFR)-1和VEGFR2来促进血管新生,在血管内皮生长因子家族中对血管新生中起了主要作用。CD47(整合素相关蛋白;IAP)是免疫球蛋白家族的一种跨膜蛋白,其可以作为血小板反应蛋白-1(thrombospondin,TSP-1)的受体。TSP1与CD47之间的相互作用主要通过抑制VEGFR2来抑制内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞及血小板的一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)信号通路。TSP1也具有抑制血管新生的作用。目前已证实TSP1通过与VEGF的直接结合来抑制血管生成。此外,TSP1阻断CD47与VEGFR2之间的相互作用也可抑制VEGFR2信号,这提示我们CD47参与了TSP1对血管新生的抑制过程。CD47也可作为一种信号调节蛋白α(signal-regulatory proteinα,SIRPα)的抑制受体表达于巨噬细胞和树突状细胞表面。巨噬细胞和树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)中的CD47与SIRPα结合后表达了“别吃我”信号。CD47的表达量在多种肿瘤细胞中均上升,而注射了CD47的阻断抗体来阻断CD47-SIRPα信号通路则已证实可以诱导抗肿瘤的免疫反应。但是,抗-CD47抗体通过其自身的作用来调节血管新生进而影响肿瘤进展的机制存在与否及其作用机制目前尚未明确。实验目的:通过对野生型(WT)与CD47基因缺陷(CD47-/-)小鼠注射同基因型的肿瘤细胞后进行比较,观察CD47在非肿瘤基质细胞中表达对肿瘤形成的影响。探讨肿瘤基质细胞中CD47缺乏促进血管新生的同时提高血管的完整性及稳定性,进而致使肿瘤进展加快这一机制。研究抗CD47靶向抗体通过阻断TSP1-CD47信号通路来促进血管新生的治疗前景。通过小鼠部分肝脏切除后的类似现象,来进一步证实上述结论。实验方法:将RM1细胞(前列腺癌RM1细胞系)注射于WT及CD47-/-B6小鼠的腹股沟处,在适当的时间处死小鼠并通过测量肿瘤的体积和重量来评估肿瘤进展。将小鼠两侧的中叶及左侧叶的肝脏迅速结扎并切除,适时处死小鼠后取出肝脏并在术前及术后采集血液标本。通过苏木素-伊红及免疫组化染色来分析肿瘤和肝脏组织。留取肿瘤和肝脏组织于液氮冷冻并提取RNA以用于进一步分析。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞穿膜实验通过流式细胞术来分析。实验结果:CD47-/-小鼠中的RM1肿瘤进展明显加快。对比注射11天后移除的肿瘤,CD47-/-小鼠的肿瘤体积和质量更大。WT小鼠肿瘤中的坏死区域较多而CD47-/-小鼠的肿瘤中却极少。来源于CD47-/-小鼠的肿瘤组织中血管数量较WT组明显增多,同时CD31 m RNA的表达量也明显增高。而CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤的乏氧诱导因子-1A水平较WT组相比明显降低。随后我们发现CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤中的血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial,VE)-钙粘素表达较WT组相比增多,这意味着内皮细胞上的CD47可能抑制VE-钙粘素表达。对CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤的免疫组化分析提示其VEGF-A及VEGFR2的表达均较WT组显著增高,实时定量PCR的分析也证实CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤中VEGF-A及VEGFR2 m RNA的表达均较WT组显著增高。之后我们检测了肿瘤中TSP1的表达量。与免疫组化及实时定量PCR的检测结果相一致,对比WT组,来源于CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤的TSP1的生成量明显降低。而CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤中F4/80+细胞—浸润巨噬细胞的数量较WT组也明显降低。在体外实验中,我们通过穿膜实验来对验证巨噬细胞的迁移性。首先我们证实出巨噬细胞的招募对TSP1具有剂量依赖性。然后我们明确了来源于WT小鼠肿瘤的TSP1的表达水平明显高于CD47-/-小鼠。来源于WT小鼠的肿瘤细胞所处的细胞悬液相比于CD47-/-小鼠具有更强的招募巨噬细胞的能力。而外源性TSP1加入到CD47-/-小鼠的肿瘤细胞悬液的环境中后,其对巨噬细胞的招募明显加强。另外,我们也发现了,虽然WT肿瘤细胞悬液对WT巨噬细胞的招募作用更明显,但WT小鼠的肿瘤细胞对CD47-/-小鼠巨噬细胞也具有很强的招募作用。因此,CD47-/-小鼠肿瘤中巨噬细胞的浸润主要是由于其肿瘤中TSP1生成量的减少,而非巨噬细胞的CD47基因缺陷。在小鼠部分肝脏切除模型中,我们发现CD47-/-小鼠新生肝脏的CD31及CD34 m RNA的表达量较WT小鼠相比明显增多。之后我们又明确了VEGF及VEGFR2 m RNA在WT小鼠的新生肝脏中明显低于CD47-/-小鼠。免疫组化分析提示来源于CD47-/-小鼠的新生肝脏对巨噬细胞的招募较WT组小鼠下降。结论:(1)CD47基因缺失小鼠的肿瘤基质细胞加快肿瘤进展的同时减少坏死的形成;(2)CD47基因缺失环境下小鼠肿瘤的血管新生加快且血管更完整;(3)CD47基因缺失环境下小鼠的肿瘤增加VEGF及VEGFR2的表达量;(4)CD47基因缺失小鼠的肿瘤中降低TSP1表达量的同时招募的巨噬细胞数目减少;(5)巨噬细胞浸润的减少是由于CD47基因缺失小鼠肿瘤环境中TSP1产生减少所致;(6)CD47基因缺失小鼠经部分肝脏切除术后其肝脏血管新生能力增强,同时对巨噬细胞的招募减少。我们的实验提出了抗-CD47抗体在肿瘤免疫治疗中的前景。阻断肿瘤细胞上CD47和宿主巨噬细胞、树突状细胞上信号调节蛋白α之间的相互作用可诱导抗肿瘤免疫应答,同时干扰肿瘤基质细胞(如:内皮细胞)的TSP1-CD47信号通路可能加快肿瘤的进展。我们的实验也提出了CD47在组织的血管新生中的重要作用,以及TSP1对巨噬细胞的调节作用。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: The development of tumor is a key role in the progression of invasive and metastatic disease, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of anti-angiogenic therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A promotes angiogenesis by binding and activating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR2 of the tyrosine kinase receptor, and plays a major role in the angiogenesis of the vascular endothelial growth factor. CD47 (integrin-related protein; IAP) is a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin family, which can be used as a receptor for platelet-reactive protein-1 (TSP-1). The interaction between TSP1 and CD47 mainly inhibits the signaling pathway of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets by inhibiting VEGFR2. TSP1 also has the effect of inhibiting angiogenesis. TSP1 has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis by direct binding to VEGF. In addition, the interaction of TSP1 between CD47 and VEGFR2 can also inhibit the VEGFR2 signal, suggesting that we are involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis by TSP1. CD47 may also be expressed in the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells as a suppressor for signal-regulatory protein (SIRP). The 鈥渄on't eat me鈥,
本文编号:2332199
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: The development of tumor is a key role in the progression of invasive and metastatic disease, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of anti-angiogenic therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A promotes angiogenesis by binding and activating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR2 of the tyrosine kinase receptor, and plays a major role in the angiogenesis of the vascular endothelial growth factor. CD47 (integrin-related protein; IAP) is a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin family, which can be used as a receptor for platelet-reactive protein-1 (TSP-1). The interaction between TSP1 and CD47 mainly inhibits the signaling pathway of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets by inhibiting VEGFR2. TSP1 also has the effect of inhibiting angiogenesis. TSP1 has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis by direct binding to VEGF. In addition, the interaction of TSP1 between CD47 and VEGFR2 can also inhibit the VEGFR2 signal, suggesting that we are involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis by TSP1. CD47 may also be expressed in the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells as a suppressor for signal-regulatory protein (SIRP). The 鈥渄on't eat me鈥,
本文编号:2332199
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