枣不同基因型在体愈伤芽再生能力评价与同质多倍体新种质创制

发布时间：2019-04-07 19:21

【摘要】：枣树田间在体愈伤途径同质多倍体诱导新技术可有效避免倍性嵌合体产生,快速获得纯多倍体。在体愈伤芽再生是该技术成功应用的基础。利用该技术,对115个枣和4个酸枣基因型的田间愈伤芽再生能力进行了评价,并对4个枣基因型进行了多倍体诱导。结果表明:94.78%的枣基因型和100%的酸枣基因型可诱导出愈伤组织,80%的枣基因型和100%的酸枣基因型实现了芽再生。不同枣基因型间出愈率存在显著差异,变幅为0~100%,平均出愈率为76.48%,变异系数为37%;基于出愈率将供试基因型分为5类,即易出愈伤、较易出愈伤、较难出愈伤、难出愈伤和不出愈伤基因型。不同基因型的平均单枝截面出芽数差异显著(0~10.33个),平均出芽数为1.84;据出芽率也可将供试基因型分为5类,即易出芽、较易出芽、较难出芽、难出芽和不出芽基因型。出愈率和出芽率没有显著相关性,易出愈伤的基因型不一定易出芽。利用田间愈伤途径同质多倍体诱导新技术,获得了乐金1号、宁夏长枣、运城婆婆枣3个枣品种的纯四倍体新种质和磨盘枣的纯三倍体新种质。
[Abstract]:A new technique for induction of polyploidy in the callus pathway of jujube in the field can effectively avoid the production of ploidy chimera and obtain pure polyploidy quickly. Regeneration of callus buds in vivo is the basis for the successful application of this technique. The ability of callus regeneration of 115 jujube and 4 sour jujube genotypes in field was evaluated by using this technique, and polyploidy induction was carried out on 4 genotypes of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba L.). The results showed that 94.78% Zizyphus jujuba genotype and 100% Zizyphus jujuba genotype could induce callus, 80% Zizyphus jujuba genotype and 100% Zizyphus jujube genotype achieved bud regeneration. There was a significant difference in the induction rate among different jujube genotypes, with a variation of 0%, an average induction rate of 76.48% and a coefficient of variation of 37%. Based on the induction rate, the genotypes were divided into 5 types, that is, easy to cause callus, difficult to produce callus and no callus genotype. The average number of shoots per branch in different genotypes was significantly different (0 脳 10.33), and the average number of shoots was 1.84; According to the rate of budding, the tested genotypes could be divided into 5 types: easy to sprout, difficult to sprout and not budding. There was no significant correlation between the rate of induction and the rate of budding, and the genotype which was easy to callus was not easy to sprout. By using the new technique of induction of polyploidy through callus pathway in the field, the pure tetraploid new germplasm and triploid new germplasm of three jujube varieties, Lejin 1, Ningxia Changzao and Yuncheng Maopao jujube, and the pure triploid of Mopanzao jujube were obtained.
【作者单位】：河北农业大学中国枣研究中心;果树种质创制与利用山西省重点实验室;北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31372029) 河北省百名优秀创新人才支持计划(Ⅱ)(2014-2016) 河北省自然科学基金(C2014204047) 山西省重点实验室开放基金课题(2015012001-12)
【分类号】：S665.1

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