水稻黄绿叶突变体M32的遗传分析和基因定位

发布时间：2019-06-05 14:20

【摘要】：叶绿素(Chl)作为绝大部分植物中光合色素的主要成分,其生物合成与降解途径十分庞大而复杂。叶色突变体可以用作探索叶绿素生物合成和代谢、高等植物光合作用等的基础材料。在本次研究中,用60Co辐射诱变处理籼稻品种全丰B,得到了一个黄绿叶突变体M32,其在整个生育期植株均呈现为黄绿色,即使在生育后期也未转换为绿色。与全丰B相比,M32突变体的株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、一次枝梗数、剑叶长、剑叶宽、及结实率七项性状都出现了不同程度的下降。M32在生长的不同时期叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量以及总叶绿素含量均低于全丰B,但叶绿素a/b值均高于全丰B。叶绿体超微结构分析表明,与野生型相比,野生型叶绿体有大量有序垛叠的基粒类囊体,突变体叶绿体片层明显减少,不规则散乱分布。遗传分析结果证明,M32的黄绿叶突变表型由1对隐性核基因所控制。用M32与日本晴的F2代作为定位群体,利用分子标记技术,初步将目的基因定位在水稻第3号染色体上RM282与RM156间,遗传距离分别为7.0cM和15.8cM。而后进一步将基因定位于RM7323和RM3297之间,物理距离为316.8kb,将此基因暂时命名为ygl219(yellow-green leaf 219)。在此区域内共有39个候选基因,通过分析发现,叶绿素生物合成中的相关基因OsDVR基因,很可能就是造成M32突变表型的候选基因。水稻的穗长和有效穗数两个性状与水稻的产量密切相关。本实验以V20B/CPSLO17的RIL作为作图群体,对水稻穗长和单株有效穗数进行QTL定位分析。利用SLAF标签构建的高密度遗传图谱,结合定位软件MapQTL5进行区间作图,共检测到7个QTL,其中有5个控制穗长QTL分别位于第1和6号染色体上,其贡献率分别是6.41%、22.22%、6.15%、12.24%和13.01%,且qPL1-1为一个新的QTL;2个控制单株有效穗数QTL分别位于第1和4号染色体上,贡献率分别是13.15%和8.18%。
[Abstract]:Chlorophyll (Chl), as the main component of photosynthetic pigments in most plants, its biosynthesis and degradation pathway is very large and complex. Leaf color mutants can be used as basic materials to explore chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis of higher plants and so on. In this study, an indica rice variety Quanfeng B was treated by 60Co radiation mutagenesis, and a yellow-green leaf mutant M32 was obtained, which showed yellow-green at the whole growth stage, and did not convert to green even at the late growth stage. Compared with Quanfeng B, the plant height, effective panicle number per plant, panicle length, primary branch number, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and seed setting rate of M32 mutant decreased in varying degrees. The content of chlorophyll b and the content of total chlorophyll were lower than those of Quanfeng B, but the ratio of chlorophyll a / b was higher than that of Quanfeng B. The ultrastructure analysis of chloroplast showed that compared with the wild type, the wild chloroplast had a large number of ordered stacking grana thylakoids, and the chloroplast lamellae of the mutant decreased obviously and distributed irregularly. The results of genetic analysis showed that the yellow and green leaf mutation phenotype of M32 was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. Using F2 generation of M32 and Nippon Qing as the mapping population, the target gene was initially mapped between RM282 and RM156 on chromosome 3 of rice by molecular marker technique, and the genetic distances were 7.0cM and 15.8cm, respectively. The gene was further mapped between RM7323 and RM3297, and the physical distance was 316.8kb. the gene was temporarily named ygl219 (yellow-green leaf 219). There are 39 candidate genes in this region. It is found that the OsDVR gene, which is related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, is probably the candidate gene that causes the phenotype of M32 mutation. The panicle length and effective panicle number of rice are closely related to the yield of rice. In this experiment, RIL of V20B/CPSLO17 was used as mapping population, and QTL mapping analysis of panicle length and effective panicle number per plant was carried out in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The high density genetic map constructed by SLAF tag and the mapping software MapQTL5 were used to map the interval. A total of 7 QTL, were detected, 5 of which were located on chromosome 1 and 6, respectively, and their contribution rates were 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41%, 6.41% and 6.41%, respectively. 22.22%, 6.15%, 12.24% and 13.01%, and qPL1-1 is a new QTL; The effective panicle number QTL per plant was located on chromosome 1 and chromosome 4, and the contribution rates were 13.15% and 8.18%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511

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